Table 4.

Top five important variables for outcomes in descending order using model-specific metrics

Outcome	Rank	LR	XGB	RF	EN
TBI
	1	Loss of consciousness	Loss of consciousness	Loss of consciousness	Loss of consciousness
	2	GCS, eye, 1	GCS, eye, 1	GCS, eye, 1	GCS, motor, 1
	3	GCS, verbal, 1	GCS, verbal, 1	GCS, verbal, 1	GCS, motor, 2
	4	Light reflex	Other mechanism	Light reflex	GCS, eye, 1
	5	GCS, motor, 1	GCS, verbal, 2	GCS, motor, 1	GCS, verbal, 1
TBI-I
	1	Loss of consciousness	Loss of consciousness	Loss of consciousness	GCS, eye, 1
	2	GCS, eye, 1	GCS, eye, 1	GCS, eye, 1	Loss of consciousness
	3	GCS, verbal, 1	GCS, verbal, 1	GCS, verbal, 1	GCS, motor, 1
	4	Light reflex	GCS, verbal, 2	Light reflex	GCS, verbal, 1
	5	GCS, motor, 1	Other mechanism	GCS, motor, 1	Light reflex
TBI-ND
	1	Loss of consciousness	Loss of consciousness	Loss of consciousness	Loss of consciousness
	2	GCS, eye, 1	GCS, eye, 1	GCS, eye, 1	GCS, eye, 1
	3	GCS, verbal, 1	GCS, verbal, 1	GCS, verbal, 1	GCS, motor, 1
	4	Light reflex	GCS, verbal, 2	GCS, verbal, 2	GCS, verbal, 1
	5	GCS, motor, 1	GCS, motor, 1	GCS, motor, 4	Light reflex
TBI-D
	1	Loss of consciousness	GCS, verbal, 1	GCS, verbal, 1	GCS, motor, 2
	2	GCS, verbal, 1	Oxygen saturation<96%	Light reflex	GCS, verbal, 1
	3	GCS, eye, 1	Fall mechanism	Loss of consciousness	Loss of consciousness
	4	Light reflex	Afternoon	GCS, eye, 1	Age over 80
	5	GCS, motor, 1	Light reflex	GCS, motor, 1	HR 87–99

EN, elastic net; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; HR, heart rate; LR, logistic regression; RF, random forest; TBI, traumatic brain injury; TBI-D, traumatic brain injury with death; TBI-I, traumatic brain injury with intracranial injury; TBI-ND, traumatic brain injury with non-discharge; XGB, extreme gradient boosting.