Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the three groups according to the weighted genetic risk score (w‐GRS) of 13 SNPs
| wT‐GRS | Total | Low | Medium | High | P (ANOVA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M/F | 303/271 | 89/101 | 102/87 | 112/83 | 0.106 |
| Age at enrolment (years) | 61.3 ± 9.8 | 60.9 ± 9.3 | 60.9 ± 10.3 | 62.2 ± 9.8 | 0.345 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 13.2 ± 8.0 | 13.4 ± 8.0 | 12.9 ± 8.6 | 13.3 ± 7.5 | 0.820 |
| Age of diagnosis (years) | 48.7 ± 9.9 | 48.1 ± 9.5 | 48.6 ± 10.4 | 49.5 ± 9.8 | 0.371 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.8 ± 4.4 | 26.8 ± 4.1 | 26.7 ± 4.8 | 26.9 ± 4.3 | 0.950 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 91.0 ± 10.7 | 90.8 ± 10.5 | 90.2 ± 10.8 | 91.9 ± 10.7 | 0.297 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 135.5 ± 36.1 | 137.9 ± 35.2 | 130.7 ± 37.3 | 137.6 ± 35.4 | 0.114 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 7.6 ± 1.1 | 7.4 ± 0.9 | 7.4 ± 1.1 | 0.249 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 58.6 ± 11.5 | 59.2 ± 11.7 | 57.3 ± 10.2 | 57.8 ± 12.4 | 0.249 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.86 (0.70‐1.15) | 0.85 (0.69‐1.09) | 0.84 (0.68‐1.02) | 0.90 (0.72‐1.20) | 0.097 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 78.7 ± 26.3 | 79.0 ± 25.6 | 81.8 ± 25.2 | 75.7 ± 27.9 | 0.082 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 168.0 ± 31.4 | 171.1 ± 29.6 | 163.9 ± 30.4 | 169.1 ± 33.7 | 0.071 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 47.0 ± 12.8 | 46.0 ± 10.5 | 46.8 ± 14.2 | 48.4 ± 13.5 | 0.176 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 90.0 ± 24.1 | 92.6 ± 22.3 | 87.6 ± 24.6 | 89.7 ± 25.1 | 0.127 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 118.0 (82.0‐174.0) | 123.0 (84.5‐170.0) | 108.0 (76.0‐163.0) | 115.5 (81.0‐175.0) | 0.215 |
| HOMA‐IR | 2.34 (1.70‐3.10) | 2.44 (1.83‐3.14) | 2.23 (1.55‐3.08) | 2.46 (1.73‐3.07) | 0.519 |
| HOMA‐β | 37.4 (27.2‐60.5) | 34.9 (26.7‐56.7) | 40.5 (28.3‐66.0)* | 37.4 (26.2‐58.4) | 0.031 |
| Insulin requirement | 122 (21.3) | 44 (23.2) | 36 (19.0) | 42 (21.5) | 0.723 |
Data are presented as n (%), mean ± standard deviation or mean (interquartile range).
*P < 0.05 vs. low GRS.
BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; wT‐GRS, weighted total genetic risk score.