Table 4.

Clinical characteristics of haplogroup B4 vs. non‐B4 and haplogroup D4 vs. non‐D4 in patients with type 2 diabetes

Haplogroup	B4	Non‐B4	P	D4	Non‐D4	P
M/F	30/32	252/215	0.420	26/36	256/211	0.059
Age at enrolment (years)	59.3 ± 9.9	61.7 ± 9.8	0.081	61.8 ± 10.4	61.3 ± 9.8	0.733
Duration of diabetes (years)	14.1 ± 9.3	13.2 ± 7.9	0.432	12.6 ± 8.3	13.4 ± 8.1	0.454
Age of diagnosis (years)	45.9 ± 11.3	49.1 ± 9.6	0.037	49.9 ± 8.9	48.6 ± 10.0	0.328
BMI (kg/m2)	26.4 ± 5.0	26.8 ± 4.2	0.444	26.7 ± 4.4	26.8 ± 4.3	0.914
Waist circumference (cm)	90.3 ± 10.4	91.0 ± 10.7	0.630	89.4 ± 12.1	91.1 ± 10.4	0.238
FPG (mg/dL)	147.2 ± 45.3	134.5 ± 35.8	0.044	129.1 ± 30.2	136.9 ± 37.1	0.138
HbA1c (%)	7.7 ± 1.1	7.4 ± 1.0	0.113	7.2 ± 0.9	7.5 ± 1.0	0.021
HbA1c (mmol/mol)	60.3 ± 12.1	57.9 ± 11.1	0.113	55.1 ± 9.9	58.6 ± 11.3	0.021
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.82 (0.68‐1.00)	0.86 (0.70‐1.13)	0.149	0.81 (0.55‐1.09)	0.86 (0.70‐1.10)	0.432
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)	83.7 ± 26.7	78.8 ± 25.7	0.157	80.7 ± 26.9	79.2 ± 25.7	0.658
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	179.8 ± 26.3	167.4 ± 32.4	0.441	164.8 ± 31.2	168.2 ± 31.9	0.423
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	46.8 ± 12.1	47.1 ± 13.1	0.857	46.5 ± 10.7	47.1 ± 13.3	0.714
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	93.0 ± 21.6	89.0 ± 24.6	0.224	88.0 ± 23.2	89.7 ± 24.4	0.606
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	113.0 (82.5‐175.0)	116.0 (80.3‐171.0)	0.828	110.0 (69.8‐186.3)	116.0 (81.0‐169.0)	0.688
HOMA‐IR	2.50 (2.06‐3.35)	2.35 (1.70‐3.07)	0.021	2.39 (1.52‐2.98)	2.43 (1.75‐3.14)	0.280
HOMA‐β	34.6 (24.3‐61.8)	37.7 (27.7‐60.5)	0.485	40.9 (28.4‐66.7)	37.0 (27.2‐60.3)	0.438
wT‐GRS	1.37 ± 0.27	1.34 ± 0.26	0.385	1.36 ± 0.25	1.34 ± 0.27	0.568
Insulin requirement	16 (25.8)	102 (21.8)	0.516	7 (11.3)	111 (23.8)	0.033

Data are presented as n (%), mean ± standard deviation or mean (interquartile range).

BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; wT‐GRS, weighted total genetic risk score.