Table 3.
Results of unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model to investigate the interaction effect between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and proteinuria
| Normoproteinuria | Microproteinuria | Macroproteinuria | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P‐value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P‐value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P‐value | |
| Unadjusted | ||||||
| CAN (−) | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 2.51 (1.41–4.45) | 0.002 | 6.36 (3.69–11.0) | <0.0001 |
| CAN (+) | 0.81 (0.29‐2.26) | 0.69 | 3.73 (1.48–9.43) | 0.005 | 26.4 (14.5–47.9) | <0.0001 |
| Adjusted | ||||||
| CAN (−) | 1.00 (Reference) | – | 2.53 (1.40–4.58) | 0.002 | 5.24 (2.93–9.37) | <0.0001 |
| CAN (+) | 0.75 (0.27–2.10) | 0.58 | 3.27 (1.27–8.45) | 0.01 | 14.8 (7.03–31.2) | <0.0001 |
The results were adjusted for the following factors: diabetes duration, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, uric acid, smoking status and use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. Values were represented as hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
CAN, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.