Table 4.
Comparison of characteristics between groups with no seizures, seizures reported for < 3 years, and seizures reported for > 3 years*.
| Overall (N = 659) | No Seizures (N = 514) | Seizures < 3 years (N = 70) | Seizures > 3 years (N = 75) | p -values | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | n | % or Mean (SD) | n | % or Mean (SD) | n | % or Mean (SD) | n | % or Mean (SD) | Overall | 1 vs. 2 | 1 vs. 3 | 2 vs. 3 |
| Number of evaluations | 659 | 2.8 (2.0) | 514 | 2.8 (2.0) | 70 | 2.6 (1.7) | 75 | 2.8 (2.1) | 0.7533 | 0.4488 | 0.8982 | 0.6178 |
| Number of evaluations [Min, Max] | 659 | (1, 9) | 514 | (1, 9) | 70 | (1, 8) | 75 | (1, 8) | ||||
| Number of evaluations–binary | 0.5789 | 0.8537 | 0.3185 | 0.3821 | ||||||||
| 1 | 235 | 35.7% | 180 | 35.0% | 24 | 34.3% | 31 | 41.3% | ||||
| 2+ | 424 | 64.3% | 334 | 65.0% | 46 | 65.7% | 44 | 58.7% | ||||
| Gender | 0.0535 | 0.0537 | 0.1033 | 0.7522 | ||||||||
| Male | 520 | 79.0% | 395 | 77.0% | 61 | 87.1% | 64 | 85.3% | ||||
| Female | 138 | 21.0% | 118 | 23.0% | 9 | 12.9% | 11 | 14.7% | ||||
| Age at first evaluation | 659 | 19.9 (9.6) | 514 | 21.1 (9.4) | 70 | 14.7 (8.3) | 75 | 16.4 (9.5) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.2669 |
| Age at last evaluation | 659 | 22.6 (9.3) | 514 | 23.8 (9.0) | 70 | 17.6 (8.4) | 75 | 18.9 (9.6) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.3685 |
| Years between first and last evaluation | 419 | 4.3 (2.2) | 330 | 4.3 (2.3) | 46 | 4.3 (2.1) | 43 | 4.4 (2.2) | 0.9798 | 0.8835 | 0.4309 | 0.4973 |
| Age of onset | 135 | 6.7 (6.6) | N/A | 66 | 5.9 (5.3) | 69 | 7.5 (7.6) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.1625 | |
| Mean inter-evaluation period | 423 | 1.8 (1.2) | 333 | 1.8 (1.2) | 46 | 2.0 (1.2) | 44 | 1.6 (1.0) | 0.3655 | 0.3427 | 0.3576 | 0.1326 |
| Number of AEDs first evaluation | 659 | 0.1 (0.5) | 514 | 0.0 (0.0) | 70 | 0.3 (0.5) | 75 | 1.1 (1.0) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Number of AEDs first evaluation [Median (IQR)] | 659 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 514 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 70 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 75 | 1.0 (0.0-2.0) | ||||
| Number of AEDs last evaluation | 659 | 0.2 (0.5) | 514 | 0.0 (0.0) | 70 | 0.3 (0.5) | 75 | 1.3 (1.0) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Number of AEDs last evaluation [Median (IQR)] | 659 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 514 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 70 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 75 | 1.0 (1.0-2.0) | ||||
| Seizure type first seizure evaluation | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.0051 | ||||||||
| Generalized | 61 | 45.5% | N/A | 28 | 43.8% | 33 | 47.1% | |||||
| Partial | 46 | 34.3% | N/A | 16 | 25.0% | 30 | 42.9% | |||||
| Febrile | 11 | 8.2% | N/A | 10 | 15.6% | 1 | 1.4% | |||||
| Unknown | 16 | 11.9% | N/A | 10 | 15.6% | 6 | 8.6% | |||||
| Seizure type last seizure evaluation | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.0363 | ||||||||
| Generalized | 39 | 45.9% | N/A | 19 | 42.2% | 20 | 50.0% | |||||
| Partial | 25 | 29.4% | N/A | 10 | 22.2% | 15 | 37.5% | |||||
| Febrile | 11 | 12.9% | N/A | 10 | 22.2% | 1 | 2.5% | |||||
| Unknown | 10 | 11.8% | N/A | 6 | 13.3% | 4 | 10.0% | |||||
| Intellectual disability Dx last evaluation | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0735 | 0.1380 | ||||||||
| No ID | 35 | 5.5% | 31 | 6.3% | 4 | 5.8% | 0 | 0.0% | ||||
| Delayed development | 3 | 0.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 3 | 4.3% | 0 | 0.0% | ||||
| Borderline | 35 | 5.5% | 30 | 6.1% | 2 | 2.9% | 3 | 4.3% | ||||
| Mild | 146 | 23.0% | 119 | 24.0% | 11 | 15.9% | 16 | 22.9% | ||||
| Moderate | 356 | 56.2% | 274 | 55.4% | 42 | 60.9% | 40 | 57.1% | ||||
| Severe | 57 | 9.0% | 40 | 8.1% | 7 | 10.1% | 10 | 14.3% | ||||
| Profound | 2 | 0.3% | 1 | 0.2% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 1.4% | ||||
| Language milestone (Q24) first evaluation | 0.0049 | 0.0378 | 0.0004 | 0.6416 | ||||||||
| Non-verbal | 12 | 1.8% | 6 | 1.2% | 2 | 2.9% | 4 | 5.3% | ||||
| Signing | 7 | 1.1% | 5 | 1.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 2.7% | ||||
| Babbling | 2 | 0.3% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 1.4% | 1 | 1.3% | ||||
| Few words | 52 | 8.0% | 34 | 6.7% | 7 | 10.1% | 11 | 14.7% | ||||
| Word combinations | 64 | 9.9% | 47 | 9.3% | 9 | 13.0% | 8 | 10.7% | ||||
| Phrases | 512 | 78.9% | 413 | 81.8% | 50 | 72.5% | 49 | 65.3% | ||||
| Sustained conversation (Q26) first evaluation | 0.0009 | 0.0774 | 0.0003 | 0.5314 | ||||||||
| Non-verbal | 26 | 4.1% | 15 | 3.0% | 4 | 6.0% | 7 | 9.6% | ||||
| Yes, sustained conversion | 385 | 60.3% | 320 | 64.1% | 34 | 50.7% | 31 | 42.5% | ||||
| No sustained conversion | 228 | 35.7% | 164 | 32.9% | 29 | 43.3% | 35 | 47.9% | ||||
| Language milestone (Q24) last evaluation | 0.0034 | 0.1536 | 0.0062 | 0.0358 | ||||||||
| Non-verbal | 8 | 1.2% | 5 | 1.0% | 1 | 1.4% | 2 | 2.7% | ||||
| Signing | 8 | 1.2% | 5 | 1.0% | 2 | 2.9% | 1 | 1.3% | ||||
| Babbling | 4 | 0.6% | 2 | 0.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 2.7% | ||||
| Few words | 40 | 6.1% | 28 | 5.5% | 1 | 1.4% | 11 | 14.7% | ||||
| Word combinations | 53 | 8.1% | 37 | 7.3% | 10 | 14.3% | 6 | 8.0% | ||||
| Phrases | 538 | 82.6% | 429 | 84.8% | 56 | 80.0% | 53 | 70.7% | ||||
| Sustained conversation (Q26) last evaluation | 0.0236 | 0.2432 | 0.0122 | 0.1287 | ||||||||
| Non-verbal | 12 | 2.0% | 9 | 1.9% | 0 | 0.0% | 3 | 4.5% | ||||
| Yes, sustained conversion | 404 | 65.8% | 329 | 68.4% | 41 | 62.1% | 34 | 50.7% | ||||
| No sustained conversion | 198 | 32.2% | 143 | 29.7% | 25 | 37.9% | 30 | 44.8% | ||||
| Autism Dx ever | 0.0003 | 0.0005 | 0.0246 | 0.1952 | ||||||||
| No | 321 | 48.9% | 273 | 53.2% | 20 | 28.6% | 28 | 37.8% | ||||
| Yes | 328 | 49.9% | 234 | 45.6% | 48 | 68.6% | 46 | 62.2% | ||||
| Autism Dx current (last evaluation) | 0.0022 | 0.0095 | 0.0094 | 0.3945 | ||||||||
| Yes | 276 | 43.0% | 196 | 39.0% | 39 | 57.4% | 41 | 57.7% | ||||
| No | 331 | 51.6% | 277 | 55.1% | 28 | 41.2% | 26 | 36.6% | ||||
| Don't know | 35 | 5.5% | 30 | 6.0% | 1 | 1.5% | 4 | 5.6% | ||||
| Sleep apnea last evaluation | 0.1434 | 0.3075 | 0.0555 | 0.6080 | ||||||||
| No | 378 | 97.2% | 295 | 98.0% | 43 | 95.6% | 40 | 93.0% | ||||
| Yes | 11 | 2.8% | 6 | 2.0% | 2 | 4.4% | 3 | 7.0% | ||||
| ABC hyperactivity first evaluation | 506 | 18.8 (7.4) | 393 | 17.9 (6.9) | 58 | 23.3 (8.1) | 55 | 20.6 (8.0) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0076 | 0.0795 |
| ABC inappropriate Speech first evaluation | 506 | 8.4 (3.4) | 393 | 8.3 (3.4) | 58 | 9.1 (3.6) | 55 | 8.1 (3.3) | 0.2196 | 0.1187 | 0.5732 | 0.1172 |
| ABC irritability first evaluation | 506 | 31.0 (11.9) | 393 | 29.9 (11.4) | 58 | 35.8 (14.1) | 55 | 33.2 (11.8) | 0.0006 | 0.0004 | 0.0473 | 0.2830 |
| ABC social avoidance first evaluation | 506 | 7.7 (3.4) | 393 | 7.7 (3.4) | 58 | 7.6 (3.4) | 55 | 7.4 (3.4) | 0.7930 | 0.8768 | 0.4987 | 0.6881 |
| ABC social unresponsiveness first evaluation | 506 | 18.8 (5.7) | 393 | 18.5 (5.9) | 58 | 19.9 (5.3) | 55 | 19.6 (5.3) | 0.1154 | 0.0811 | 0.1916 | 0.7393 |
| ABC stereotypy first evaluation |
506 | 10.9 (4.8) | 393 | 10.5 (4.6) | 58 | 12.7 (5.4) | 55 | 11.9 (5.1) | 0.0011 | 0.0010 | 0.0296 | 0.4655 |
| ABC hyperactivity last evaluation |
504 | 17.5 (6.9) | 382 | 16.4 (6.2) | 58 | 21.5 (7.2) | 64 | 20.1 (8.3) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.3237 |
| ABC inappropriate Speech last evaluation |
504 | 8.0 (3.4) | 382 | 7.8 (3.4) | 58 | 8.7 (3.5) | 64 | 8.4 (3.4) | 0.1310 | 0.0789 | 0.2204 | 0.6524 |
| ABC irritability last evaluation | 504 | 30.0 (11.7) | 382 | 28.8 (11.1) | 58 | 33.5 (12.3) | 64 | 34.1 (13.0) | 0.0002 | 0.0032 | 0.0007 | 0.8072 |
| ABC social avoidance last evaluation | 504 | 7.5 (3.4) | 382 | 7.4 (3.3) | 58 | 8.1 (3.8) | 64 | 7.2 (3.3) | 0.2760 | 0.1532 | 0.6003 | 0.1568 |
| ABC social unresponsiveness last evaluation | 504 | 18.4 (5.7) | 382 | 18.2 (5.8) | 58 | 19.0 (5.1) | 64 | 19.5 (5.1) | 0.1634 | 0.3221 | 0.0856 | 0.5669 |
| ABC stereotypy last evaluation | 504 | 10.5 (4.6) | 382 | 10.1 (4.3) | 58 | 11.8 (5.0) | 64 | 12.0 (5.0) | 0.0006 | 0.0061 | 0.0016 | 0.8347 |
*
for the p-values listed for group comparisons, 1 = no seizures, 2 = seizures for <3 years, 3 = seizures for > 3 years.