Table 2.
Perioperative period
| Medications | NEO (n = 175) | SUG (n = 175) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intraoperative period | |||
| Intravenous anesthesia, n (%) | 62 (35.4) | 56 (32) | 0.572 |
| Inhalational anesthesia, n (%) | |||
| • Sevoflurane, n (%) | 65 (37.1) | 58 (33.1) | 0.502 |
| • Desflurane, n (%) | 48 (27.4) | 61 (34.9) | 0.166 |
| Fentanyl, n (%) | 67 (38.3) | 72 (41.1) | 0.662 |
| Remifentanil, n (%) | 86 (49.1) | 92 (52.6) | 0.593 |
| Ketamine, n (%) | 20 (11.4) | 15 (8.6) | 0.476 |
| Paracetamol, n (%) | 153 (87.4) | 159 (90.9) | 0.391 |
| Morphine, n (%) | 27 (15.4) | 25 (14.3) | 0.881 |
| Tramadol, n (%) | 99 (56.6.4) | 92(52.6.3) | 0.520 |
| Vasoactive drugs, n (%) | 38 (21.7) | 35 (20) | 0.793 |
| Droperidol, n (%) | 39 (22.3.9) | 42 (24) | 0.800 |
| Ondansetron, n (%) | 149 (85.1) | 141 (80.6) | 0.321 |
| Clonidine, n (%) | 15 (8.6) | 9 (5.1) | 0.290 |
| Pethidine, n (%) | 10 (5.7) | 7 (4.0) | 0.620 |
| Cisatracurium, mg [IQR] | 36.9 [21.8-70.1] | 0.0 [0.0-0.0] | < 0.001 |
| Rocuronium, mg [IQR] | 0.0 [0.0-0.0] | 110.0 [60.0-220.0] | < 0.001 |
| Atropine (%) | 141 (80.6) | 0.0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| Neostigmine (%) | 175.0 (100) | 0.0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| Neostigmine, μg/kg | 29.9 [12.2-67.4] | 0.0 [0.0-0.0] | < 0.001 |
| Sugammadex 2 mg/kg (%) | 0 (0.0) | 101 (57.7) | < 0.001 |
| Sugammadex 4 mg/kg (%) | 0 (0.0) | 74 (42.3) | < 0.001 |
| Fluid total, ml | 2100 [1800-2500] | 2100 [1700-2400] | 0.168 |
| Surgery, min [IQR] | 185 [155-237.5] | 180 [150-225] | 0.116 |
| Anesthesia, min [IQR] | 235 [210-292.5] | 240 [205-285] | 0.589 |
| Postoperative period | |||
| SpO2 at T15, % | 99 [98-99] | 99 [98-100] | 0.117 |
| HR at T15, beats/min [IQR] | 81.0 [71-91] | 82 [72.5-92.5] | 0.271 |
| SBP at T15, mmHg [IQR] | 140.0 [130-154.5] | 145 [128.5-157.5] | 0.503 |
| DBP at T15, mmHg [IQR] | 80.0 [71.0-87.5.5] | 79 [70.0-88.0] | 0.348 |
| pH at T15 [IQR] | 7.36 [7.33-7.4] | 7.36 [7.33-7.39] | 0.671 |
| PaO2 at T15, mmHg [IQR] | 88.6 [76-103.2] | 89.2 [79.5-101.4] | 0.253 |
| PaCO2 at T15, mmHg [IQR] | 39.6 [36.2-42.4] | 39.7 [36.4-43.6] | 0.207 |
| Pain NRS>3 at T15, n (%) | 18 (10.3) | 14 (8.0) | 0.579 |
| PONV NRS>3 at T15, n (%) | 13 (7.4) | 8 (4.6) | 0.368 |
| Hypoxemia, n (%) | 11 (6.3) | 1 (0.6) | 0.006 |
| Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 16 (9.1) | 9 (5.1) | 0.212 |
| PACU stay, min [IQR] | 90 [60-105] | 70 [60.0-90.0] | < 0.001 |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 14 [8.0] | 1 [0.6] | 0.001 |
NMB neuromuscular block, NEO group of patients receiving neostigmine for reversal of cisatracurium-induced NMB, SUG group of patients receiving sugammadex for reversal of rocuronium-induced NMB; vasoactive drugs: repeated administration of etilefrine or ephedrine, or dopamine infusion; surgery: time from skin incision to the placement of the last suture; anesthesia: time from tracheal intubation to tracheal extubation; PACU (post-anesthesia care unit): time from PACU admission to discharge to the surgical ward, ICU intensive care unit, SpO2 peripheral arterial blood oxygen saturation, PaO2 arterial partial pressure of oxygen, PaCO2 arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, HR heart rate, SBP systolic arterial blood pressure, DBP diastolic arterial blood pressure, T15 15 min after tracheal extubation, NRS numeric rating scale, PONV postoperative nausea and vomiting, hypoxemia oxygen desaturation (SaO2<90%) requiring treatment; antihypertensive drugs: clonidine, urapidil; amlodipine, labetalol; diltiazem. Data are expressed as median [interquartile range, IQR] or number, n (%)