Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population at baselines I and II
| Baseline I (between 1989 and 1993) (N = 5375) | Baseline II (between 2009 and 2012) (N = 2861) | |
|---|---|---|
| Sex (women) | 3169 (59.0) | 1643 (57.4) |
| Age (years) | 67.7 ± 7.8 | 75.3 ± 5.9 |
| Education attainment | ||
| Primary | 1102 (20.6) | 192 (6.8) |
| Lower | 2281 (42.6) | 1215 (43.3) |
| Intermediate | 1504 (28.1) | 930 (33.1) |
| Higher | 463 (8.7) | 469 (16.7) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never | 1800 (33.7) | 914 (32.0) |
| Former | 2296 (43.0) | 1667 (58.4) |
| Current | 1247 (23.3) | 274 (9.6) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 3.6 | 27.4 ± 4.2 |
| Physical activity (MET h/week) | 83.4 ± 43.9 | 50.0 ± 45.4 |
| Daily energy intake (kcal) | 1974 ± 499 | 1994 ± 658 |
| Diabetes (yes) | 357 (6.9) | 418 (15.2) |
| Hypercholesterolemia (yes) | 3602 (67.1) | 1549 (56.1) |
| Hypertension (yes) | 3202 (59.8) | 2461 (87.0) |
| Depressive symptoms (yes) | 314 (18.7) | 713 (15.7) |
| History of stroke (yes) | 98 (1.8) | 145 (5.1) |
| APOE ɛ4 carrier (yes) | 1416 (27.5) | 703 (26.1) |
| Diet scores, mean ± standard deviation (range) | ||
| MIND diet | 5.9 ± 1.3 (2.0–11.5) | 7.4 ± 1.6 (1.5–13.5) |
| Dutch dietary guidelines | 6.8 ± 1.8 (1–13) | 6.8 ± 1.8 (1–13) |
| Mediterranean diet | 36.7 ± 3.3 (20–47) | 37.1 ± 4.1 (19–51) |
Data are shown for non-imputed data and are presented as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables and number (percentages) for categorical variables unless stated otherwise
Abbreviations: APOE Apolipoprotein E, MET Metabolic equivalent of task, MIND Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay; N, total number of participants