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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Immunol. 2021 Nov 22;22(12):1551–1562. doi: 10.1038/s41590-021-01065-2

Fig. 4. Aspartate is anti-inflammatory.

Fig. 4.

Synovitis was induced in chimeric mice engrafted with human synovial tissue and immuno-reconstituted with RA PBMC. Chimeras were treated with vehicle or aspartate i.p. 5 mg/kg. (a) Representative H&E staining of explanted synovial tissue, n=8 (b) Tissue transcriptomic analysis (qPCR) of synovial explants. Shown are data for T cell receptor (TRB) transcripts and the lineage-determining transcription factors TBX21 and RORC (n=8). (c) Representative image of co-immunofluorescence staining for IFN-γ-producing CD3+ T cells in the synovial tissue, n=8; scale bar,10 μm. (d) Tissue transcriptomic analysis of key inflammatory cytokines. 8 tissues in each study arm. All data are mean±SEM. Two-tailed unpaired Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon rank test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.