Table 1. Comparison of medical history, chest pain characteristics and laboratory tests between patients with and without obstructive coronary artery disease in the derivation sample.
| Obstructive CAD | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (N = 330) | No (N = 311) | ||
| Medical History | |||
| Age (years) | 63 ± 13 | 56 ± 16 | < 0.001 |
| Male gender | 226 (69%) | 148 (48%) | < 0.001 |
| Body Mass Index (Kg/m2) | 28 ± 4.8 | 28 ± 5.9 | 0.86 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 154 ± 32 | 152 ± 30 | 0.55 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 78.7 ± 19 | 79.4 ± 19 | 0.63 |
| X-ray and clinical signs of LVF | 41 (13%) | 6 (2.0%) | < 0.001 |
| History of CAD | 113 (34%) | 77 (25%) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes | 122 (37%) | 74 (24%) | < 0.001 |
| Systemic hypertension | 236 (72%) | 210 (68%) | 0.27 |
| Current smoking | 44 (13%) | 26 (8.4%) | 0.04 |
| Family history of CAD | 87 (26%) | 79 (25%) | 0.78 |
| Exercise induction | 50 (15%) | 22 (7.1%) | 0.001 |
| Emotional induction | 8 (2.4%) | 15 (4.8%) | 0.10 |
| Chest pain characteristics | |||
| Anterior left side location | 268 (81%) | 261 (84%) | 0.37 |
| Oppressive nature | 189 (57%) | 157 (51%) | 0.09 |
| Irradiation to neck | 82 (25%) | 74 (24%) | 0.76 |
| Irradiation to left arm | 120 (36%) | 93 (30%) | 0.08 |
| Vagal symptoms | 146 (44%) | 132 (42%) | 0.65 |
| Severe intensity | 185 (56%) | 150 (48%) | 0.05 |
| Number of episodes | 1 (1 – 2) | 1 (1 – 3) | 0.14 |
| Duration (minutes) | 75 (20 – 129) | 60 (11 – 214) | 0.07 |
| Intensity (1 – 10 scale) | 7.7 ± 2.4 | 7.3 ± 2.4 | 0.03 |
| Relief with nitrate | 134 (41%) | 98 (32%) | 0.02 |
| Similar to previous infarction | 105 (32%) | 76 (24%) | 0.04 |
| Worsening with compression | 19 (5.8%) | 43 (14%) | 0.001 |
| Worsening with position change | 53 (16%) | 60 (19%) | 0.28 |
| Worsening with arm movement | 19 (5.8%) | 31 (10%) | 0.05 |
| Worsening with deep breath | 34 (10%) | 68 (22%) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory tests at admission | |||
| Ischemic changes on ECG | 219 (66%) | 119 (38%) | < 0.001 |
| Positive troponin | 215 (65%) | 102 (33%) | < 0.001 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 432 (155 – 1212) | 73 (24 – 301) | < 0.001 |
| Plasma creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.90 (0.80 – 1.20) | 0.80 (0.70 – 1.1) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 104 ± 53 | 108 ± 74 | 0.46 |
| Plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 130 (99 – 160) | 107 (90 – 145) | 0.009 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 7.4 (2.4 – 15) | 6.3 (1.6 – 15) | 0.003 |
| White cell count | 7.600 (6.050 – 10.100) | 7.200 (5.700 – 9.550) | 0.04 |
| Platelets | 232 (192 – 290) | 232 (197 – 274) | 0.83 |
| D-Dimer (ng/ml) | 474 (279 – 981) | 424 (278 – 913) | 0.43 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 14.1 ± 1.9 | 13.7 ± 1.7 | 0.11 |
CAD: coronary artery disease; Family history of CAD implies a first-degree female relative with disease before 55 years of age or first-degree male relative before 45 years of age; LVF: left ventricular failure; NT-pro-BNP: N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide; ECG: electrocardiogram; LDL: low-density lipoprotein.