Table E4.
Association between eosinophilia∗ and coronavirus disease 2019–related outcomes using complete cases (ie, excluding patients with missing data and without imputation)
| Outcome | All patients |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
Asthma |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No ICS |
ICS |
No ICS |
ICS |
No ICS |
ICS |
|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| n | 39,888 | 4,973 | 1,336 | 1,701 | 3,802 | 2,883 |
| Unadjusted | ||||||
| Hospitalization | 1.23 (1.17-1.29) | 0.85 (0.75-0.95) | 1.01 (0.82-1.25) | 0.75 (0.62-0.90) | 1.01 (0.86-1.19) | 0.77 (0.66-0.91) |
| ICU admission | 1.26 (1.14-1.39) | 0.75 (0.62-0.91) | 0.95 (0.69-1.30) | 0.74 (0.57-0.95) | 1.01 (0.70-1.45) | 0.70 (0.53-0.93) |
| Hospital mortality | 1.35 (1.20-1.52) | 0.80 (0.63-1.02) | 0.86 (0.61-1.22) | 0.78 (0.58-1.04) | 1.07 (0.67-1.71) | 0.87 (0.61-1.25) |
| Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, race, and month of testing. | ||||||
| Hospitalization | 0.97 (0.93-1.03) | 0.81 (0.73-0.91) | 0.96 (0.78-1.20) | 0.77 (0.63-0.93) | 0.84 (0.70-1.00) | 0.72 (0.62-0.85) |
| ICU admission | 0.97 (0.89-1.06) | 0.72 (0.60-0.88) | 0.93 (0.68-1.26) | 0.74 (0.58-0.96) | 0.84 (0.58-1.22) | 0.65 (0.49-0.85) |
| Hospital mortality | 0.92 (0.83-1.03) | 0.74 (0.59-0.93) | 0.80 (0.57-1.11) | 0.76 (0.58-1.01) | 0.78 (0.49-1.25) | 0.76 (0.53-1.09) |
| Adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, smoking history, pack-years smoking, medications, comorbidities, time between absolute eosinophil count test date and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test date, and month of testing† | ||||||
| Hospitalization | 0.96 (0.91-1.02) | 0.84 (0.74-0.94) | 0.98 (0.79-1.22) | 0.78 (0.64-0.95) | 0.84 (0.71-1.00) | 0.76 (0.65-0.89) |
| ICU admission | 0.96 (0.87-1.06) | 0.77 (0.64-0.94) | 0.89 (0.65-1.21) | 0.77 (0.60-0.99) | 0.86 (0.59-1.24) | 0.71 (0.54-0.94) |
| Hospital mortality | 0.98 (0.87-1.11) | 0.79 (0.63-1.00) | 0.85 (0.61-1.18) | 0.78 (0.59-1.04) | 0.81 (0.50-1.31) | 0.83 (0.57-1.20) |
CI, confidence interval; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; ICU, intensive care unit; OR, odds ratio.
Baseline preexisting eosinophilia were defined by a blood absolute eosinophil count of greater than 0.15 × 103 cells/μL, obtained at least 2 weeks before the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test date.
The effect of a high blood absolute eosinophil count greater than 0.15 × 103 cells/μL on hospital outcomes is estimated by weighting each patient with the inverse propensity score and controlling for the propensity score as a covariate in the model. Medications included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, ICS, intranasal corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive therapy (including systemic corticosteroids). Comorbidities include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or emphysema, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure and cancer (historical or current), immunosuppressive diseases, and connective tissue diseases.