Table 3.
Physical and biochemical characteristics of participants in the study cohort
| Characteristic | Females (n = 1331) | Males (n = 2725) | Total (n = 4056) | Missing, n (%) | P-values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP, mmHg | 130 (120–141) | 130 (120–145) | 130 (120–144) | 101 (2.5) | 0.006 |
| DBP, mmHg | 80 (76–90) | 80 (78–90) | 80 (78–90) | 133 (3.3) | 0.010 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 36.3 (30.7–45.3) | 42.9 (35.7–52.3) | 40.5 (33.7–50.8) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Hb, mg/dL | 11.0 (10.0–12.0) | 12.4 (11–13.7) | 11.8 (10.5–13.2) | 143 (3.5) | <0.001 |
| Anaemiaa | 932 (73.2) | 1607 (60.9) | 2539 (64.9) | 143 (3.5) | <0.001 |
| Mild | 329 (25.8) | 976 (37.0) | 1305 (33.4) | – | – |
| Moderate | 579 (45.5) | 597 (22.6) | 1176 (30.1) | – | – |
| Severe | 24 (1.9) | 34 (1.3) | 58 (1.5) | – | – |
| Serum urea, mg/dL | 45 (35–56) | 45 (34–56) | 45 (34–56) | 571 (14.1) | 0.788 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | 1.7 (1.5–2.0) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Serum calcium, mg/dL | 8.9 (8.4–9.4) | 9.0 (8.6–9.5) | 9.0 (8.5–9.4) | 290 (7.2) | 0.0001 |
| Serum inorganic phosphorus, mg/dL | 4.1 (3.6–4.6) | 3.9 (3.2–4.4) | 4.0 (3.3–4.5) | 340 (8.4) | <0.001 |
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 3.9 (3.4–4.2) | 4.0 (3.5–4.4) | 4.0 (3.5–4.4) | 225 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| Serum uric acid, mg/dL | 6.2 (5.0–7.3) | 6.5 (5.4–7.7) | 6.4 (5.2–7.6) | 842 (20.8) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 173 (140–203) | 162 (130–198) | 166 (133–200) | 1538 (37.9) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 140 (112–180) | 136 (108–175) | 138 (110–177) | 1647 (40.6) | 0.202 |
| HbsAg | – | ||||
| Positive | – | 170 (6.2) | 255 (6.3) | 6 (0.2) | |
| Negative | 750 (56.5) | 1614 (59.3) | 2364 (58.4) | 0.385 | |
| Not available | 493 (37.1) | 938 (34.3) | 1431 (35.3) | – | |
| Anti-HCV | – | ||||
| Positive | 97 (7.3) | 167 (6.1) | 264 (6.5) | 6 (0.2) | – |
| Negative | 707 (53.2) | 1530 (56.2) | 2237 (55.2) | 0.132 | |
| Not available | 524 (39.5) | 1025 (37.7) | 1549 (38.3) | ||
| uACR, mg/g | 45 (12–357) | 26 (11–280) | 29 (11–304) | 272 (6.7) | <0.001 |
| <30 | 573 (65.9) | 1330 (68.4) | 1903 (67.6) | – | |
| 30–299 | 296 (34.1) | 616 (31.7) | 912 (32.4) | – | |
| 300–1000 | 234 (18.9) | 349 (13.70) | 583 (15.4) | – | |
| >1000 | 133 (10.8) | 251 (9.8) | 384 (10.1) | – | |
Data are presented as median (25–75th percentile) or n (%).
a
Anaemia was classified as per World Health Organization criteria: mild anaemia, Hb 11.0–11.9 mg/dL for females and 11–12.9 mg/dL for males; moderate anaemia, Hb 8.0–10.9 mg/dL for females and males; and severe anaemia, Hb <8 mg/dL for females and males.
SBP, systolic BP; DBP, diastolic BP; HbA1c, glycosylated Hb; HbsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus.