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. 2022 Jan 11;14(1):2018899. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2018899

Table 2.

Primary outcomes and safety outcomes at the end of the 30-day intervention

  Probiotic Placebo RR (95 CI) P-valuec
Primary outcomes        
Complete remissiona [n, %] 78/147 (53.1%) 41/146 (28.1%) 1.89 (1.40–2.55) <0.001
Hospitalized, moderateb [n, %] 0/150 0/150 - 1.000
Hospitalized, severeb [n, %] 0/150 0/150 - 1.000
Days of ICU stay [mean, SD] 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 - 1.000
Death [n, %] 0/150 0/150 - 1.000
Safety outcomes        
Patients with ≥ 1 AE [n, %] 41/150 (27.3%) 63/150 (42.0%) 0.65 (0.47–0.90) 0.008

  • Taking ≥2 medications daily [n, %]

 7/24 (29.2%) 8/18 (44.4%) 0.66 (0.29–1.48) 0.312
Patients with ≥ 1 SAE [n, %] 0/150 0/150 - 1.000

AE: Adverse Event. CI: Confidence Interval. ICU: Intensive Care Unit. SAE: Severe Adverse Event. SD: Standard Deviation. a) Requires negative RT-qPCR (viral clearance) plus complete resolution of all five Covid19 symptoms considered at study entry (symptomatic clearance). b) As per WHO Clinical Progression Scale.17 c) Calculated by Pearson Chi-squared test, Bonferroni-corrected threshold for significance is P = 0.01.