TABLE 2. Clinical outcomes and severity among multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children case-patients aged 12–18 years, by vaccination status* — 24 pediatric hospitals, 20 U.S. states,† July–December 2021.
| Characteristic | No. (%) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total |
Unvaccinated |
Fully vaccinated ≥28 days before hospitalization |
|
| (N = 102) | (n = 97) | (n = 5) | |
|
Organ system involvement§
| |||
| Cardiovascular |
91 (89.2) |
86 (88.7) |
5 (100.0) |
| Respiratory |
29 (28.4) |
28 (28.9) |
1 (20.0) |
| Hematologic |
68 (66.7) |
66 (68.0) |
2 (40.0) |
| Gastrointestinal |
84 (82.4) |
79 (81.4) |
5 (100.0) |
| Neurologic |
9 (8.8) |
8 (8.2) |
1 (20.0) |
| Dermatologic |
36 (35.3) |
34 (35.1) |
2 (40.0) |
| Renal/Urologic |
35 (34.3) |
33 (34.0) |
2 (40.0) |
|
Intensive care unit admission
|
62 (60.8) |
61 (62.9) |
1 (20.0) |
|
Critically ill patients on life support
|
38 (37.3) |
38 (39.2) |
0 (—) |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation |
9 (8.8) |
9 (9.3) |
0 (—) |
| Vasoactive infusions |
35 (34.3) |
35 (36.1) |
0 (—) |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation |
1 (1.0) |
1 (1.0) |
0 (—) |
|
Patients with discharge data
|
101 (99.0) |
96 (99.0) |
5 (100.0) |
| Hospital length of stay, median (IQR) | 5 (4–8) | 5 (4–8) | 5 (2–6) |
Abbreviation: BNP = brain natriuretic peptide.
* COVID-19 vaccination status included the following two categories: 1) unvaccinated, defined as no receipt of any SARS-CoV-2 vaccine before hospitalization for current illness and 2) fully vaccinated, defined as receipt of both doses of a 2-dose Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination ≥28 days before illness onset.
† Patients included vaccinated and unvaccinated persons aged 12–18 years enrolled from 24 pediatric hospitals in 20 states. Northeast: Boston Children’s Hospital (Massachusetts), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), and Saint Barnabas Medical Center (New Jersey); Midwest: Akron Children’s Hospital (Ohio), Children’s Hospital and Medical Center: Nebraska (Nebraska), Children's Hospital of Michigan (Michigan), Children’s Mercy Kansas City (Missouri), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (Ohio), Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (Illinois), Mayo Clinic (Minnesota), Nationwide Children's Hospital (Ohio), and Riley Children's Hospital (Indiana); South: Arkansas Children’s Hospital (Arkansas), Children’s of Alabama (Alabama), Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (Georgia), Children’s Hospital of New Orleans (Louisiana), Medical University of South Carolina Children’s Health (South Carolina), Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt (Tennessee), Texas Children’s Hospital (Texas), University of Mississippi Medical Center (Mississippi), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children’s Hospital (North Carolina), and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Texas); West: Children’s Hospital Colorado (Colorado), Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (California), University of California San Diego-Rady Children’s Hospital (California), and University of California San Francisco Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland (California).
§ Organ system involvement was defined with the following criteria: 1) Cardiovascular (e.g., shock, elevated troponin, BNP, N-terminal-pro hormone BNP, abnormal echocardiogram, or arrhythmia); 2) Respiratory (e.g., pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and pulmonary embolism); 3) Renal (e.g., acute kidney injury or renal failure); 4) Gastrointestinal (e.g., abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, elevated bilirubin, or elevated liver enzymes); 5) Neurologic (e.g., cerebrovascular accident, aseptic meningitis, or encephalopathy); 6) Hematologic (e.g., elevated D-dimers, thrombophilia, or thrombocytopenia); 7) Dermatologic (e.g., rash, erythema, or peeling).