Table 3A.
Rates of BoP and periodontal disease severity, and levels of, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss as a function of group and time.
| Visit | Non-smokers | E-cigarette smokers | Cigarette smokers | p-Values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bleeding on Probing (%), Mean (SD)* | Baseline | 52.6(32.1) | 53.0 (32.5) | 61.5 (27.6) | 0.03 |
| Follow-up | 68.3(24.4) | 57.0 (32.6) | 66.2 (30.5) | ||
| Probing depth (mm), Mean (SD) | Baseline | 2.7 (0.4)a | 3.0 (0.6)a,b | 3.1 (0.7)b | 0.001* |
| Follow-up | 2.9 (0.4)a | 3.1 (0.7)a,b | 3.2 (0.6)b | 0.01* | |
| Clinical attachment loss (mm), Mean (SD) | Baseline | 2.2 (0.9)a | 2.8 (1.5)b | 3.5 (1.1)b | <0.001* |
| Follow-up | 2.2 (0.7)a | 3.1 (1.4)b | 3.4 (1.1)b | <0.001* | |
| Periodontal disease (% progressed) + | Follow-up | 18 | 29 | 44 | NA |
*
Welch test for heterogeneous variances and Tukey post-hoc test.
ab
Unlike superscripts indicate significantly different group means(p < 0.05).
+
Cases with mild and moderate periodontal disease used in this analysis.