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. 2020 Nov 16;2:602236. doi: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.602236

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Copyright © 2020 Pardridge.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Bi-functional 3500 Da polyethyleneglycol (PEG₃₅₀₀) containing a free hydroxyl group at one terminus, for conjugation to the poly (L-lactide) (PLA), and a maleimide moiety at the other terminus, for conjugation to a thiolated receptor specific monoclonal antibody (MAb). (B) Transmission electron microscopy of pegylated nanoparticles. Magnification bar = 120 nm. (C) Electron micrograph of pegylated immunonanoparticle mixed with a secondary antibody directed against the MAb conjugated to the surface of the nanoparticle, where the secondary antibody is a conjugate of 10 nm gold. Magnification bar = 15 nm. Reprinted by permission of Olivier et al. (20).