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. 2021 May 24;3:669763. doi: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.669763

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Copyright © 2021 Molino, Fukuda, Molino and Wallace.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(a) Schematic drawing of patterning MSCs by printing PDMS barriers on graphene films directly. (b) Optical microscope image of printed PDMS on fluorinated graphene film (scale bar = 50 μ m). (c–e) The aligned growth of stem cell on graphene, PFG and FG with printed PDMS pattern, respectively (scale bar = 100 μm). (f,g) MSCs preferentially attached on the FG strips and their F-actin aligned (red) and expressed neural specific markers- Tuj1 and MAP2 (green) (scale bar = 50 μ m). (h) Percentage of immunoreactive cells for Tuj1 and MAP2 on unpatterned and patterned FG strips. Note that the patterned FG strips induce higher expression of Tuj1 and MAP2 in the absence of retinoic acid (n = 6, p < 0.05). Reproduced with permission from Wang et al. (117). *signifies statistically significant differences between samples.