Table 1.
Commonly used fabrication approaches for biomaterials incorporating OCPs and graphene.
| Scaffold/material structure | Conductor incorporation method | Conducting material |
|---|---|---|
| Films (2D) | Chemical vapour deposition | Graphene (44–46, 61) |
| Electrochemical polymerisation | OCPs (27, 35, 36, 62–64) | |
| Vapour phase polymerisation | OCPs (53) | |
| Spin coating | OCPs (54) | |
| Chemical polymerisation | OCPs (65, 66) | |
| Composite | OCPs (67–69) | |
| Films (3D template) | Chemical vapour deposition | Graphene (44) |
| Vapour phase polymerisation | OCPs (70) | |
| Electrospun nanofibrous mats | Composite | OCPs (55, 56, 71–73) |
| Graphene (47, 48) | ||
| Vapour phase polymerisation | OCPs (74) | |
| Chemical polymerisation | OCPs (75–78) | |
| Micron scale fibres | Wet spinning – composite | OCPs (57) |
| Graphene (49) | ||
| Moulding | Graphene (50) | |
| Aerogels | Composite | Graphene (79, 80) |
| Vapour phase polymerisation | OCPs (81) | |
| Chemical polymerisation | OCPs (58) | |
| Hydrogel | Composite | Graphene (82, 83) |
| OCPs (60) | ||
| Electrochemical polymerisation | OCPs (84) | |
| Chemical polymerisation | OCPs (85, 86) | |
| 3D Extrusion Printed Scaffolds | Composite ink | OCPs (60, 87) |
| Graphene (51, 52) |