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. 2020 Nov 30;2:611913. doi: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.611913

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Copyright © 2020 Cox, Lynch, Goldring and Sharma.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Overview of Phase I, II, and III reactions for xenobiotic metabolism and excretion. CYP450, cytochrome P450; FMO, flavin monooxygenases; AKR, aldo-keto reductases; DH, dehydrogenases; UGT, UDP-glucuronyl transferase; SULT, sulfotransferase; GST, glutathione-S-transferase; NAT, N-acetyl transferase; AAT, amino acid transferase; ABC, ATP-binding cassette.