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. 2021 Jul 29;3:670274. doi: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.670274

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Copyright © 2021 Rocha, Cerqueira, Varella Penteado and Córdoba de Torresi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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SPAN biocompatibility with (A). BMSCs and (B). MC3T3-E1 cells, without electrical stimulation, after 5 days (C). Fabrication of SPAN-based IDEs: (a) Printing on a PET transparency, (b) layer-by-layer deposition by in situ polymerization, (c) toner removal, (d) wire connexion with silver glue, (e) PLA coating, (f) electrode assembly, and (g) power connexion. Adapted from (105) with permission from the publisher. *represents a statistically significant difference in comparison with the control; (1-way RM-ANOVA and Newman–Keuls post-hoc analysis with p < 0.05, n = 6).