Table 9.

Firm capabilities mentioned in the articles

	Firm capability	Concept	Source
1	Service innovation	Service innovation strategies involve the ability to develop new service offerings that create value for customers
2	Servitization	The process of increasing value by adding services to products	Martín-Pea et al. (2019)
3	Digitalization	Digitalization refers to the growing use of digital technology in green manufacturing
4	Intellectual capital	Intellectual capital is an intangible resource that can generate value in the future, including human capital, relational capital, and structural capital
5	Technology standardization capability	Technology standardization focuses on the formation of technology standards, motivation, the initial factors, the impact factors, the formation process of technology standards, and the competition and diffusion of standards at the industrial level	Jiang et al. (2020)
6	IT capability	It includes IT infrastructure flexibility, which has developed the technological base on which current and future IT applications are built, and IT technical skills, which constitute the know-how required to develop IT applications by using existing technology and to operate them either to provide a service or to make the products
7	Absorptive capacity	ACAP refers to the ability of a firm to acquire, assimilate, transform, and exploit knowledge-based resources
8	Digital platform capability	It represents the ability to deploy ICT-based resources in combination with other internal and external resources
9	Network capability	It refers to the coordination of groups and individuals that share a standard structure and an expected result, the internal communication of the external knowledge, the relational skills for handling diverse individuals, and the partners’ knowledge
10	Networking capability	The ability to develop and deploy a network to accomplish specific goals focused on the acquisition of complementary external resources
11	Digital-related human capability	The boundless employee capabilities enable people to operate in the digital era with adaptable mindsets, skillsets, and digital know-how	Nasiri et al. (2020)
12	Digital-related collaboration capability	The bundle of firm capabilities created by digitality through collaborative activities with both external and internal partners
13	Digital-related technical capability	The bundle of firm capabilities that facilitate technological implementation and operation in the digital era
14	Digital-related innovation capability	The boundless firm capabilities generate new knowledge, new products and services, and new solutions through digitalization
15	Digital innovation capability	Digital innovation is defined as creating new market offerings or changes that result from the use of digital technologies	Hanelt et al. (2021)
16	Dynamic capability	Dynamic capability is an organization’s capacity to purposefully create, extend, or modify its resource base to achieve sustainable advantages through adaptation to the changing shape of the external environment	Zeng et al. (2017)
		Dynamic capabilities comprise 3 broad clusters: sensing opportunities (and threats), seizing opportunities, and transforming by organizing resources and renewing organizations to their relevant business model	Lin et al. (2020)
17	Process capability	The ability to optimize manufacturing processes with advanced technologies enables new value creation in operations, supply chain, and product life cycle
18	Technology capability	The ability to connect intelligent machines, storage systems, and production facilities can facilitate information exchanges and data analyses to predict failures and independent configurations
19	Organizational capability	The capabilities to implement suitable strategies in a changing environment, including intelligent manufacturing transformation and developing organizational capabilities, must include top management support and decision-making, talent, workforce training, and education and knowledge
20	Transformation capability	The capability to transform the abstract Industry 4.0 concept into a practical application and evaluation of process systems
21	Digitally transforming capability	The capability of executing a digital transformation strategy, including digital-savvy skills, digital intensity, and context for action and interaction
22	Innovation capability	Innovation capability is the organization’s ability to gather information and create the knowledge needed to develop and implement new products, processes, and services	Zhang and Hartley (2018)
23	Global service innovation capability	The development of global service innovation capabilities, grouped across 4 dimensions: developing global customer insights, integrating global knowledge, creating global service offerings, and building global digitalization capabilities	Parida et al. (2015)
24	Digitalization capability	Digitalization capabilities include intelligence, connection, and analytic capabilities
25	IoT capability	IoT capabilities are identified as digital business model development, scalable solution platform building, value selling, value delivery, and business intelligence and measurement	Hasselblatt et al. (2018)
26	Orchestration capability	Orchestration capabilities are necessary to ensure co-evolution, albeit with a different interpretation depending on the platform development stage, including targeting capability, legitimizing and envisioning capability, and expertise building capability