. 2022 Jan 14;34(5):1113–1121. doi: 10.1007/s40520-021-02033-4

Table 3.

Changes in body composition in obese older women (n = 29) undergoing a smartphone mirroring-based telepresence exercise program or group exercises

	Group	Pre-test	Post-test		P value
Weight (kg)	IG CG	60.10 ± 7.56 57.15 ± 8.78	59.47 ± 6.69 56.36 ± 8.96^†	Time Group Time × group	0.004 0.336 0.713
Percent body fat (%)	IG CG	41.13 ± 7.14 41.87 ± 5.84	39.76 ± 7.29* 40.32 ± 6.03^†	Time Group Time × group	0.000 0.791 0.771
Skeletal muscle mass (kg)	IG CG	18.45 ± 1.72 16.91 ± 2.07	18.73 ± 1.45 17.09 ± 2.10*	Time Group Time × group	0.029 0.034 0.645

Group

Pre-test

Post-test

P value

Weight (kg)

60.10 ± 7.56

57.15 ± 8.78

59.47 ± 6.69

56.36 ± 8.96^†

Time

Group

Time × group

0.004

0.336

0.713

Percent body fat (%)

41.13 ± 7.14

41.87 ± 5.84

39.76 ± 7.29*

40.32 ± 6.03^†

Time

Group

Time × group

0.000

0.791

0.771

Skeletal muscle mass (kg)

18.45 ± 1.72

16.91 ± 2.07

18.73 ± 1.45

17.09 ± 2.10*

Time

Group

Time × group

0.029

0.034

0.645

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. P values represent two-way repeated-measures ANOVA

IG intervention group, CG control group

*P < 0.05, ^†P < 0.01