Table 1.

Data collection process and data items: key details of the included studies: patient demographics and study specifications.

Authors	Participant information	Demographics	Etiology/symptoms/referral source	Protocol	Participant positioning	Equipment	Frame rate	SIGN assessment of evidence a
Gullung et al. (2012)	164 participants	Mean age 58 (range: 21–94), 75% female	Primary complaint was dysphagia (59%), review included those ICD-9 codes for oral, oropharyngeal, and pharyngoesophageal types. Other diagnoses included choking sensation (15%), globus (11%), regurgitation or reflux (6%), aspiration pneumonia (4%), odynophagia (4%), and chronic cough (1%).	MBSImP protocol consisting of 11 swallows of various consistencies (Varibar). Esophageal clearance (Component 17) evaluated in the upright position with one 5-ml nectar-thick bolus and one 5-ml pudding bolus	Upright: lateral projection for imaging of oropharynx and in the A–P projection for imaging of the pharynx and esophagus	Not reported	Not reported	High quality
Madhavan et al. (2015)	141 participants	Mean age 61.46 (range not reported), 37.59% female	All participants complained of globus sensation	Participants self-regulated bolus sizes of thin, nectar-thick, pudding Varibar, unmasticated marshmallow coated with contrast, and a 13-mm barium tablet	Lateral plane for the oropharyngeal imaging and the A–P plane for imaging of the esophagus in the standing position	Not reported	Not reported	Acceptable
Miles et al. (2015)	111 participants	Mean age 71 (range: 20–95), 54% female	36 participants with neurologic diagnoses, 37 participants with dysphagia of unknown cause, 28 participants with primary otolaryngology diagnosis, 10 participants in “other” (e.g., unwell elderly) category	1 ml, 3 ml, and 20 ml of thin barium (EZ-Paque, EZ-EM), half a cup of thin barium via straw for oropharyngeal imaging. 20-ml bolus drunk consecutively and 13-mm barium tablet	Lateral plane for the oropharyngeal imaging and A–P projection while participant is upright, standing whenever possible for imaging of the esophagus	Videofluoroscope (Toshiba, Japan) and recorded on a USB drive with timing information was superimposed in 100ths of a second using a Horita VS-50 Video Stopwatch	30 frames per second	High quality
Ortiz et al. (2019)	216 participants	Mean age 63 (range not reported), 17% female	All participants reported globus pharyngeus sensation. Diagnosis reported for 99 participants: 6 neurodegenerative conditions, 22 with cancer history, 8 with Barrett's esophagus, 63 with extraesophageal reflux. Referral sources reported for 79 participants: 55 from gastroenterology, 24 from otolaryngology	Functional items assessed for oral, pharyngeal, pharyngoesophageal, and esophageal follow through listed. No materials were listed.	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Acceptable
Watts et al. (2019)	307 participants	Mean age 60.5 (range: 15–95), 54% female	Referrals sources included: otolaryngology, pulmonology, neurology, gastroenterology, internal medicine, allergy, and rheumatology	Esophageal portion only: ¼ graham cracker with 5-cc barium paste (Varibar), a 13-mm barium tablet, two large swallows of barium (EZ-Paque; volume self-regulated)	Upright in the lateral and A–P projections for oropharyngeal imaging and in the A–P projection for esophageal imaging	Phillips BV Endura fluoroscopic C-arm unit (GE OEC 8800 Digital Mobile C-Arm system type 718074), recorded using the Digital Swallowing Workstation (Model 7120; Pentax)	29.98 frames per second	High quality

Note. MBSImP = Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile; Diagnostic code International Classification of Diseases, 9th version (ICD-9).

^a Scottish Intelligence Guidelines Network (2006) Methodology Checklist 5: Diagnostic Studies.