Figure 4.

Effect of the ramping parameters on the shape transition. Experimental data are shown as boxplots with superimposed individual gray data points. Outliers are marked using “+” symbols. Simulation results are plotted as red symbols. Cells that show pronounced rotations during the shape transitions are highlighted as stars. (a) Transition time $\text{Δ}t$ for an upward ramp as a function of the total pressure difference at a constant ramp duration of t_ramp = 0.5 s. For $\text{Δ}p=500\mathrm{m}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{r}$ and $\text{Δ}p=650\mathrm{m}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{r}$, the velocities in the simulations are $\text{Δ}v\approx 4.7\mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ and $\text{Δ}v\approx 6.2\mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$, respectively. (b) Transition time for different ramping duration for an upward ramp with $\text{Δ}p=500\mathrm{m}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{r}$, corresponding to $\text{Δ}v\approx 4.7\mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ in the numerical simulation. In (c), all individual measurements for the upward and downward ramp directions are combined. The inset shows the experimentally observed transition times normalized by the mean transition time $\overline{\text{Δ}t}$. (d) Transition length $\text{Δ}x$ as a function of the ramping direction, combining all individual measurements, similar to (c). The individual measurements of $\text{Δ}t$ and $\text{Δ}x$ are shown Figs. S5 and S6 in the Supporting Material, respectively.