Table 1.
Participant characteristics—ESTHER cohort study.
| Alzheimer’s disease | Vascular dementia | Mixed dementia | All-cause dementia | Participants without dementia | p value1 | p value2 | p value3 | p value4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 103 | 111 | 58 | 359 | 4 844 | ||||
| Age at baseline, mean ± SD | 67.2 ± 4.7 | 67.6 ± 4.7 | 68.7 ± 4.2 | 67.6 ± 4.8 | 61.2 ± 6.4 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| 50–64 years at baseline | 30 (29.1) | 27 (24.3) | 10 (17.2) | 95 (26.5) | 3250 (67.1) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| 65–75 years at baseline | 73 (70.9) | 84 (75.7) | 48 (82.8) | 264 (73.5) | 1594 (32.9) | ||||
| Age at diagnosis, mean ± SD | 76.9 ± 4.6 | 78.8 ± 5.1 | 78.9 ± 4.8 | 78.2 ± 5.1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Female, n (%) | 60 (58.2) | 59 (53.2) | 34 (58.6) | 182 (50.7) | 2626 (54.2) | 0.42 | 0.83 | 0.05 | 0.20 |
| Male, n (%) | 43 (41.8) | 52 (46.8) | 24 (41.4) | 177 (49.3) | 2218 (45.8) | ||||
| ≤9 years education, n (%) | 85 (83.3) | 83 (78.3) | 44 (80.0) | 279 (80.9) | 3431 (72.4) | 0.03 | 0.40 | 0.46 | <0.01 |
| 10–11 years education, n (%) | 8 (7.8) | 12 (11.3) | 6 (10.9) | 32 (9.3) | 718 (15.2) | ||||
| ≥12 years education, n (%) | 9 (8.8) | 11 (10.4) | 5 (9.1) | 34 (9.8) | 586 (12.4) | ||||
| PRS+, n (%) | 53 (51.5) | 39 (35.1) | 18 (31.0) | 135 (37.6) | 1211 (25.0) | <0.0001 | 0.02 | 0.29 | <0.0001 |
| PRS−, n (%) | 50 (48.5) | 72 (4.9) | 40 (69.0) | 224 (62.4) | 3633 (75.0) | ||||
| PRS Q1 | 19 (18.4) | 29 (26.1) | 18 (31.0) | 81 (22.6) | 1221 (25.2) | <0.0001 | 0.01 | 0.47 | <0.0001 |
| PRS Q2 | 15 (14.6) | 16 (14.4) | 14 (24.2) | 69 (19.2) | 1243 (25.7) | ||||
| PRS Q3 | 16 (15.5) | 27 (24.3) | 10 (17.2) | 77 (21.4) | 1213 (25.0) | ||||
| PRS Q4 | 53 (51.5) | 39 (35.1) | 16 (27.6) | 132 (36.8) | 1167 (24.1) | ||||
| APOE4+, n (%) | 52 (50.5) | 41 (36.9) | 20 (34.5) | 143 (39.8) | 1216 (25.1) | <0.0001 | <0.01 | 0.10 | <0.0001 |
| APOE4−, n (%) | 51 (49.5) | 70 (63.1) | 38 (65.5) | 216 (60.2) | 3628 (74.9) | ||||
| PRS−APOE4− | 43 (41.7) | 63 (56.8) | 34 (58.6) | 193 (53.8) | 3261 (67.3) | <0.0001 | 0.02 | 0.44 | <0.0001 |
| PRS+APOE4− | 8 (7.8) | 7 (6.3) | 4 (6.9) | 23 (6.4) | 367 (7.6) | ||||
| PRS−APOE4+ | 7 (6.8) | 9 (8.1) | 6 (10.4) | 31 (8.6) | 372 (7.7) | ||||
| PRS+APOE4+ | 45 (43.7) | 32 (28.8) (31.5) | 14 (24.1) | 112 (31.2) | 844 (17.4) |
p values reported are for comparisons between Alzheimer’s disease1, vascular dementia2, mixed dementia3, and all-cause dementia4 cases and participants without dementia diagnoses.
APOE, apolipoprotein E APOE4+, ≥1 ε4 allele PRS, polygenic risk score.