Fig. 1. Traditional neuropathological phases of amyloid-β deposition in Alzheimer’s disease dementia.

Red areas in Phase 1 depicts the cortical regions with the initial accumulation of amyloid-β during the early pre-clinical stage. Continued deposition in the same areas are shown in darker colors in the subsequent stages, with the new areas showing amyloid-β in red in each phase. Neocortical regions with the early accumulation of amyloid-β in phase 1 include association cortices. Additional accumulation is seen in allocortical regions and midbrain (phases 2 and 3), with the cerebellum and brain stem having amyloid-β accumulation in late phase clinical stages. The change to darker shading indicates the continuous accumulation of Aβ. Adapted with permission from ref. [13].