Material classifier performance on the XRD data of the water-PLA phantoms. Sub-plots are shown for the cross-correlation (CC), linear least-squares (LS), support vector machine (SVM), and shallow neural network (SNN) classifiers. With water as the cancerous simulant, correctly identified water pixels are orange true positives, correctly identified PLA pixels are grey true negatives, and blue false positives and purple false negatives represent misclassified PLA and water pixels, respectively (online version only).