Table 3.
Criteria used for T1DM-related DSPN diagnosis in the clinical studies included in the review
| Diagnostic criteria | Total clinical studies, n (%) | Epidemiological studies, n | Pathophysiological studies, n | Diagnostic tests studies, n | Other studies, n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuropathy symptoms and/or signs | 20 (14.08%) | 2 | 6 | 9 | 3 |
| Toronto consensus criteria | 18 (12.68%) | 2 | 4 | 10 | 2 |
| NCS + neuropathy symptoms and/or signs and/or questionnaires (NDS/NSS) | 16 (11.26%) | 2 | 4 | 7 | 3 |
| NCS | 13 (9.15%) | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
| NDS | 9 (6.33%) | 1 | 5 | 3 | 0 |
| QST, 1 test | 8 (5.63%) | 0 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
| MNSI | 6 (4.22%) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| ADA | 4 (2.82%) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| NDS + NSS | 4 (2.82%) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| NCS + QST + neuropathy signs or questionnaires | 4 (2.82%) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| San Antonio criteria | 3 (2.11%) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| NSS | 2 (1.41%) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| QST, 2 tests | 2 (1.41%) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| QST, 3 tests | 2 (1.41%) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| QST + neurological examination abnormalities and/or questionnaires | 2 (1.41%) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Other criteria | 29 (20.42%) | 2 | 5 | 22 | 0 |
| Clinical studies for each category, n | 142 (100%) | 23 | 40 | 67 | 12 |
NCS nerve conduction study, NDS Neuropathy Disability Score, NSS neuropathy symptom score, QST quantitative sensory testing, MNSI Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, ADA American Diabetes Association