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. 2022 Jan 13;12:656. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04562-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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H₂O₂ producing oral streptococci activated the Nrf2-ARE pathway. (a) The amount of H₂O₂ produced by oral streptococci was determined by the formation of blue halos on Prussian blue agar plates. (b) Raw 264.7 cells stably expressing the ARE-SEAP reporter were infected with S. mitis, S. oralis or S. mutans at the indicated MOIs. Cellular Nrf2-ARE activity was quantified by SEAP reporter assay. The expression of (c) HO-1 were determined by qRT-PCR. Raw 264.7 cells stably expressing the ARE-SEAP reporter were infected with S. mitis or S. oralis at MOI 50:1 in the presence and absence of 25U/mL of catalase. (d) ARE activity was determined by SEAP reporter assay while the expression of (e) HO-1 were determined by qRT-PCR. ***p < 0.001 compared to the respective control group.