Table 1.
Distribution of non-users of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products (HTP) according to starting their use during the Covid-19 lockdown, by selected demographic and socio-economic features, addictive behaviours and other individual characteristics. Corresponding odds ratios* (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Italy, 2020.
| Characteristics (pre-lockdown) | E-cigarette non-users before lockdown | People who start using e-cigarette during lockdown | HTP non-users before lockdown | People who start using HTP during lockdown | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Total | 5516 | 1.8 | 5763 | 1.0 | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Women | 2797 | 1.4 | 1.00a | 2925 | 0.9 | 1.00a |
| Men | 2720 | 2.2 | 1.56 (1.03–2.34) | 2838 | 1.0 | 1.15 (0.67–1.97) |
| Age group | ||||||
| 18–34 | 1451 | 2.8 | 1.00a | 1493 | 1.3 | 1.00a |
| 35–54 | 2230 | 1.7 | 0.64 (0.41–1.00) | 2342 | 1.0 | 0.77 (0.42–1.42) |
| 55–74 | 1836 | 1.1 | 0.39 (0.23–0.68) | 1928 | 0.6 | 0.49 (0.23–1.02) |
| P for trend | 0.001 | 0.056 | ||||
| Level of education | ||||||
| Low | 850 | 1.4 | 1.00a | 886 | 0.5 | 1.00a |
| Intermediate | 2803 | 1.8 | 1.22 (0.65–2.30) | 2922 | 0.7 | 1.25 (0.46–3.45) |
| High | 1864 | 1.9 | 1.22 (0.63–2.37) | 1954 | 1.5 | 2.73 (1.03–7.30) |
| P for trend | 0.628 | 0.005 | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 3758 | 2.0 | 1.00a | 3887 | 1.2 | 1.00a |
| Former | 477 | 2.1 | 1.25 (0.64–2.47) | 537 | 0.8 | 0.74 (0.27–2.07) |
| Current | 1281 | 1.1 | 0.59 (0.33–1.05) | 1338 | 0.2 | 0.19 (0.06–0.61) |
| Alcohol (AUDIT-C) | ||||||
| Not at risk | 4087 | 1.6 | 1.00a | 4257 | 0.8 | 1.00a |
| At risk | 1430 | 2.3 | 1.49 (0.98–2.28) | 1506 | 1.2 | 1.45 (0.82–2.55) |
| Cannabis use | ||||||
| No | 5162 | 1.6 | 1.00a | 5376 | 0.9 | 1.00a |
| Yes | 355 | 4.4 | 2.35 (1.33–4.13) | 386 | 2.0 | 2.04 (0.93–4.50) |
| Gambling | ||||||
| No | 4647 | 1.3 | 1.00a | 4847 | 0.8 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 870 | 4.6 | 3.34 (2.18–5.11) | 916 | 1.8 | 2.23 (1.22–4.07) |
| Anxiety symptoms (GAD-2) | ||||||
| No (score < 3) | 4527 | 1.6 | 1.00a | 4720 | 0.8 | 1.00a |
| Yes (score ≥ 3) | 990 | 2.6 | 1.58 (1.00–2.52) | 1043 | 1.5 | 1.78 (0.98–3.25) |
| Depressive symptoms (PHQ-2) | ||||||
| No (score < 3) | 4765 | 1.7 | 1.00a | 4965 | 0.9 | 1.00a |
| Yes (score ≥ 3) | 751 | 2.3 | 1.35 (0.79–2.28) | 798 | 1.1 | 1.16 (0.55–2.43) |
*Estimated by multiple logistic regression models after adjustment for sex, age, level of education and geographic area. Significant estimates at 0.05 level are in bold type.
aReference category.