. 2022 Jan 13;12:705. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04725-3

Table 2.

Contingency tables for the abundance of large mammals in the assemblages of the two excavation quarries of Venta Micena compared in this study, VM4 (a: data published by Luzón et al.¹ for the fossils unearthed during the years 2005 and 2019–2020; b: unpublished data analysed by M.P. Espigares for the fossils of 2005 and 2013–2015) and VM3 (updated from Ref.⁹).

Taxa	NISP values	MNI values
Megahervivores (Mammuthus meridionalis + Hippopotamus antiquus + Stephanorhinus aff. hundsheimensis)	35 (17.68) 4.326***	68 (40.88) 4.633***	224 (268.56) − 3.018**	327	8 (3.47) 2.667**	6 (4.94) 0.536	17 (22.65) − 2.360*	31
Equus altidens	124 (183.42) − 6.010***	331 (424.05) − 6.436***	2,937 (2785.83) 4.144***	3,392	12 (13.78) − 0.595	20 (19.62) 0.110	91 (89.86) 0.268	123
Large bovids (Bison sp. + Hemibos aff. gracilis + Praeovibos sp.)	47 (51.37) − 0.669	70 (118.77) − 5.106***	833 (780.23) 2.190*	950	4 (7.40) − 1.431	9 (10.53) − 0.554	53 (48.22) 1.428	66
Caprines (Soergelia minor + Hemitragus albus)	32 (35.31) − 0.599	34 (81.64) − 5.889***	587 (536.31) 2.484*	653	4 (5.04) − 0.519	5 (7.18) − 0.932	36 (32.88) 1.101	45
Praemegaceros cf. verticornis	61 (59.32) 0.242	155 (137.14) 1.759	881 (900.96) − 0.779	1097	7 (8.63) − 0.644	14 (12.28) 0.586	56 (56.26) − 0.072	77
Metacervocerus rhenanus	35 (29.58) 1.063	52 (68.38) − 2.197*	460 (449.25) 0.571	547	6 (4.93) 0.537	5 (7.02) − 0.873	33 (32.15) 0.304	44
Pachycrocuta brevirostris	15 (8.87) 2.140*	27 (20.50) 1.550	122 (134.69) − 1.201	164	2 (2.69) − 0.458	4 (3.83) 0.099	18 (17.50) 0.237	24
Other carnivores	71 (34.45) 6.684***	234 (79.64) 19.300***	332 (525.17) − 9.474***	637	9 (6.05) 1.353	11 (8.61) 0.944	34 (39.45) − 1.774	54
Σ partial columns	420	971	6376	ΣΣ = 7767 χ² = 570.43***	52	74	338	ΣΣ = 464 χ² = 15.65–

Taxa

NISP values

MNI values

VM4 (a)

VM4 (b)

VM3

Σ partial rows

VM4 (a)

VM4 (b)

VM3

Σ partial rows

Megahervivores (Mammuthus meridionalis + Hippopotamus antiquus + Stephanorhinus aff. hundsheimensis)

35 (17.68)

4.326***

68 (40.88)

4.633***

224 (268.56)

− 3.018**

327

8 (3.47)

2.667**

6 (4.94)

0.536

17 (22.65)

− 2.360*

Equus altidens

124 (183.42)

− 6.010***

331 (424.05)

− 6.436***

2,937 (2785.83)

4.144***

3,392

12 (13.78)

− 0.595

20 (19.62)

0.110

91 (89.86)

0.268

123

Large bovids (Bison sp. + Hemibos aff. gracilis + Praeovibos sp.)

47 (51.37)

− 0.669

70 (118.77)

− 5.106***

833 (780.23)

2.190*

950

4 (7.40)

− 1.431

9 (10.53)

− 0.554

53 (48.22)

1.428

Caprines (Soergelia minor + Hemitragus albus)

32 (35.31)

− 0.599

34 (81.64)

− 5.889***

587 (536.31)

2.484*

653

4 (5.04)

− 0.519

5 (7.18)

− 0.932

36 (32.88)

1.101

Praemegaceros cf. verticornis

61 (59.32)

0.242

155 (137.14)

1.759

881 (900.96)

− 0.779

1097

7 (8.63)

− 0.644

14 (12.28)

0.586

56 (56.26)

− 0.072

Metacervocerus rhenanus

35 (29.58)

1.063

52 (68.38)

− 2.197*

460 (449.25)

0.571

547

6 (4.93)

0.537

5 (7.02)

− 0.873

33 (32.15)

0.304

Pachycrocuta brevirostris

15 (8.87)

2.140*

27 (20.50)

1.550

122 (134.69)

− 1.201

164

2 (2.69)

− 0.458

4 (3.83)

0.099

18 (17.50)

0.237

Other carnivores

71 (34.45)

6.684***

234 (79.64)

19.300***

332 (525.17)

− 9.474***

637

9 (6.05)

1.353

11 (8.61)

0.944

34 (39.45)

− 1.774

Σ partial columns

420

971

6376

ΣΣ = 7767

χ² = 570.43***

338

ΣΣ = 464

χ² = 15.65–

Separate tables are provided for the number of identifiable specimens (NISP, left table) and the estimates of minimum number of individuals (MNI, right table). The cells of each contingency table show the observed frequencies (OF), the frequencies expected from a random distribution (EF, between brackets), the adjusted residuals (normal deviates) and the level of statistical significance according to a two-tailed t-test (^–p > 0.05,*p < 0.05,**p < 0.01,***p < 0.001). The tables also include the cumulative χ²-values [Σ_iΣ_j (OF − EF)²/EF] with (r − 1) (c − 1) = 14 degrees of freedom.