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. 2022 Jan 13;7:4. doi: 10.1038/s41536-021-00199-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a A schematic representation of the protocol followed for the direct conversion of hESC-derived fibroblasts to OLIG2⁺ and SOX10⁺ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. The OLIG2 and SOX10::eGFP fibroblasts were transduced with OCT4 and cultured in ATPV-based medium containing each of additional small molecules. To differentiate into oligodendrocytes, the medium was changed to differentiation medium (DM) containing forskolin (FSK), T3, and ascorbic acid (Vit C). b, c Quantitation of GFP⁺ populations in flow cytometry analysis following the induction of OLIG2::eGFP and SOX10::eGFP fibroblasts with OCT4 under various chemical combinations in culture. The data from four independent experiments are presented as the mean + SD. *, statistically significant difference vs. the ATPV culture condition. Significant differences were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. N.S., not significant; N.D., not detected. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. d, e Representative flow cytometry data for GFP⁺ cells in OCT4-induced OLIG2::eGFP and SOX10::eGFP fibroblasts cultured in the presence of ATPV and forskolin. The data from three independent experiments are presented as the mean values. f, g Representative phase contrast (left), and green fluorescence intensity images (right) for GFP⁺ cells in OCT4-induced OLIG2::eGFP and SOX10::eGFP fibroblasts cultured in the presence of ATPV and forskolin. Scale bars, 100 µm. The boxed area in the image on the left represents a magnified (3×) picture of GFP⁺ cells. h Representative fluorescence images for the differentiation of OCT4-induced OLIG2::eGFP and SOX10::eGFP fibroblasts cultured in the presence of ATPV and forskolin into oligodendrocytes on day 60. The GFP⁺ cells coexpressed MBP. Scale bars, 100 µm. i Quantification of MBP-positive cells in GFP-positive cells on day 60.