Fig. 5. Prenatal RORA deficiency potentiates maternal diabetes-mediated autism-like behavior, while it has little effect on anxiety-like behavior in offspring.

The RORA wild type (WT) or RORA null (RORA^−/−) background were used to generate either control (CTL) or STZ-induced diabetic (STZ) pregnant dams, and the subsequent 7- to 8-week-old male offspring were used for animal behavior analysis. a Marble-burying tests (MBT), n = 9. b Time spent in Open Arm and Closed Arm in the EPM test, n = 9. c Ultrasonic vocalization, n = 9. d Social interaction (SI) test, the time spent in following, mounting, grooming, and sniffing any body parts of the other mouse, and in total was calculated, n = 9. e, f Three-chambered social tests, n = 9. e Time spent in the chamber for sociability. f Time spent in the chamber for social novelty. g SYP mRNA level by qPCR, n = 4. h SYP protein quantitation, n = 5. i The representative pictures for western blotting for (h). j Representative images of dendritic spines in the amygdala. k Quantitative data of spine density, n = 5. ***, P < 0.0001; **, P < 0.001; *, P < 0.01; N/S no significance. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM.