Table 4.
Metabolites characteristically detected in mouth-rinsed water.
| Metabolite | Category | HMDBa | HMDB (saliva) | Dental calculus (GC–MS)15 | GCFb (GC–MS)16 | Tongue coating (NMR)17 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethanolamine phosphate | Glycerophospholipid metabolite | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 | ||
| Phosphorylcholine | Glycerophospholipid metabolites (tongue moss metabolites from tongue coating17) | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 | |
| Fumarate | Dicarboxylic acids, microbial metabolites (Aspergillus) | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 | ||
| 3-Hydroxypropionate | Carboxylic acids, microbial metabolites (Escherichia, Klebsiella, Saccharomyces) | 〇 | ||||
| Diethanolamine | Glycerophospholipid metabolite | 〇 | ||||
| 5-Oxoproline | Cyclic amino acids (spontaneous cyclization condensation of glutamic acid) | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 | ||
| Malate | Dicarboxylic acid (GCF metabolite16) | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 | |
| Pelargonate | C9 fatty acid | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 | ||
| Malonate | Dicarboxylic acid | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 | ||
| Adipate | Dicarboxylic acid | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 | ||
| Phthalate | Aromatic dicarboxylic acid | 〇 | 〇 | |||
| Allantoin | Microbial Metabolites (Bacillus, Streptomyces) | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 | ||
| 5-Methoxyindoleacetate | Indole acetic acid derivative (No report of detection in blood) | 〇 | 〇 | |||
| 10-Hydroxydecanoate | C10 fatty acids (without HMDB registration) | |||||
| Dodecanedioate | Dicarboxylic acid (tartar metabolite15) | 〇 | 〇 |
aHuman Metabolome Database.
bGingival Crevicular Fluid.