Table 2. Event Study Estimates of Association of Introduction of Child Tax Credit Advance Payments With Household Food Insufficiencya.
| Characteristic | Household food insufficiency (N = 585 170) | |
|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (95% CI) | P value | |
| Survey wave indicator in 2021 | ||
| January 6-18 | 0.015 (0.005 to 0.025) | .004 |
| January 20 to February 1 | 0.011 (–0.005 to 0.028) | .18 |
| February 3-15 | 0.017 (0.003 to 0.031) | .02 |
| February 17 to March 1 | 0.007 (–0.005 to 0.020) | .23 |
| March 3-15 | 0.009 (–0.003 to 0.020) | .13 |
| March 17-29 | –0.003 (–0.013 to 0.008) | .63 |
| April 14-26 | –0.012 (–0.023 to 0.0002) | .06 |
| April 28 to May 10 | –0.003 (–0.017 to 0.011) | .64 |
| May 12-24 | –0.001 (–0.013 to 0.012) | .90 |
| May 26 to June 7 | 0.002 (–0.015 to 0.019) | .79 |
| June 9-21 | 0.001 (–0.011 to 0.013) | .82 |
| June 23 to July 5 | 0 [Reference] | NA |
| July 21 to August 2 | –0.007 (–0.018 to 0.004) | .19 |
| Presence of children in household indicator | 0.045 (0.030 to 0.061) | <.001 |
| Survey wave × presence of children in household interaction in 2021 | ||
| January 6-18 | –0.008 (–0.026 to 0.009) | .32 |
| January 20 to February 1 | –0.010 (–0.034 to 0.014) | .42 |
| February 3-15 | –0.016 (–0.039 to 0.008) | .18 |
| February 17 to March 1 | –0.007 (–0.019 to 0.006) | .27 |
| March 3-15 | –0.012 (–0.027 to 0.004) | .13 |
| March 17-29 | –0.022 (–0.035 to –0.010) | .001 |
| April 14-26 | –0.023 (–0.040 to –0.005) | .01 |
| April 28 to May 10 | –0.026 (–0.045 to –0.007) | .007 |
| May 12-24 | –0.020 (–0.037 to –0.002) | .03 |
| May 26-June 7 | –0.017 (–0.033 to –0.001) | .04 |
| June 9-21 | –0.011 (–0.029 to 0.008) | .25 |
| June 23 to July 5 | 0 [Reference] | NA |
| July 21 to August 2 | –0.037 (–0.055 to –0.019) | <.001 |
| Sex at birth | ||
| Female | –0.006 (–0.009 to –0.003) | .001 |
| Male | 0 [Reference] | NA |
| Age group | ||
| 18-24 y | 0 [Reference] | NA |
| 25-44 y | 0.051 (0.042 to 0.059) | <.001 |
| 45-64 y | 0.027 (0.017 to 0.037) | <.001 |
| Race and ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 0 [Reference] | NA |
| Hispanic | 0.024 (0.013 to 0.035) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.053 (0.046 to 0.060) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | –0.009 (–0.014 to –0.005) | <.001 |
| Another race or ethnicityb | 0.046 (0.036 to 0.056) | <.001 |
| Educational level | ||
| <High school | 0 [Reference] | NA |
| High school or equivalent | –0.073 (–0.088 to –0.058) | <.001 |
| Some college or 2-y degree | –0.098 (–0.113 to –0.083) | <.001 |
| 4-y Degree or more | –0.135 (–0.149 to –0.121) | <.001 |
| Household income, $ | ||
| <25 000 | 0 [Reference] | NA |
| 25 000-34 999 | –0.053 (–0.062 to –0.043) | <.001 |
| 35 000-49 999 | –0.090 (–0.101 to –0.078) | <.001 |
| 50 000-74 999 | –0.128 (–0.139 to –0.118) | <.001 |
| 75 000-149 999 | –0.150 (–0.161 to –0.139) | <.001 |
| ≥150 000 | –0.147 (–0.157 to –0.137) | <.001 |
| Missing | –0.129 (–0.139 to –0.119) | <.001 |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | –0.025 (–0.020 to –0.009) | <.001 |
| Not married | 0 [Reference] | NA |
| No. of adults in household | ||
| 1 | 0 [Reference] | NA |
| 2 | –0.015 (–0.020 to –0.009) | <.001 |
| ≥3 | –0.005 (–0.014 to 0.004) | .26 |
| No. of children in household | ||
| 0 | 0 [Reference] | NA |
| 1 | –0.014 (–0.024 to –0.005) | .004 |
| 2 | –0.015 (–0.025 to –0.006) | .002 |
| ≥3 | 0 [Omitted] | NA |
| Employment for respondent in last 7 d | –0.055 (–0.060 to –0.050) | <.001 |
| Receipt of unemployment insurance benefits by respondent in last 7 d | 0.002 (–0.013 to 0.018) | .76 |
| Current receipt of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits by anyone in household | 0.022 (0.009 to 0.035) | .001 |
| Receipt of food aid in last 7 d by anyone in household | 0.078 (0.071 to 0.087) | <.001 |
| Receipt of Economic Impact Payment in last 7 d by anyone in household | 0.004 (–0.003 to 0.011) | .25 |
| Health insurance coverage | ||
| Uninsured | 0 [Reference] | NA |
| Public | –0.032 (–0.040 to –0.023) | <.001 |
| Private | –0.056 (–0.064 to –0.049) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
a
Model also includes state wave fixed effects and a constant term, weighted using household survey weights divided by number of waves with SEs clustered at the state level. The coefficients multiplied by 100 correspond to a percentage point change in household food insufficiency.
b
Reflects all categories available in the public use files (other categories collected but not made available in public data files because of small numbers).