Table 2. Description of Current or Former Smokers Who Were White or African American Controls in the Inflammation, Health, Ancestry, and Lung Epidemiology Study.
| Characteristic | Controls, No. (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| White (n = 838 [58%]) | African American (n = 619 [43%]) | ||
| Age, y | |||
| <50 | 101 (12) | 82 (13) | .04 |
| 50-59 | 267 (32) | 226 (37) | |
| 60-69 | 307 (37) | 226 (37) | |
| 70-79 | 144 (17) | 73 (12) | |
| ≥80 | 19 (2) | 12 (2) | |
| Mean (SD) | 61.1 (9.7) | 59.5 (9.3) | .002 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 398 (48) | 264 (43) | .08 |
| Female | 440 (53) | 355 (57) | |
| BMI | |||
| <18.5 | 4 (1) | 3 (1) | .13 |
| 18.5-24.9 | 219 (26) | 156 (25) | |
| 25.0-29.9 | 297 (35) | 189 (31) | |
| ≥30.0 | 318 (38) | 271 (44) | |
| Mean (SD) | 28.8 (5.8) | 29.9 (6.9) | .002 |
| Smoking pack-years | |||
| ≥30 | 470 (56) | 232 (38) | <.001 |
| 20-29 | 146 (17) | 128 (21) | |
| 10-19 | 122 (15) | 136 (22) | |
| <10 | 100 (12) | 123 (20) | |
| Mean (SD) | 36.4 (25.9) | 26.6 (20.3) | <.001 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Former | 467 (56) | 196 (32) | <.001 |
| Current | 371 (44) | 423 (68) | |
| Quit time, y (former smokers) | |||
| <15 | 229 (49) | 116 (59) | .02 |
| ≥15 | 238 (51) | 80 (41) | |
| Mean (SD) | 16.9 (13.3) | 13.7 (11.9) | .002 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Cardiovascular diseasea | 137 (16) | 84 (14) | .14 |
| COPD | 196 (23) | 120 (19) | .07 |
| Diabetes | 121 (14) | 128 (21) | .002 |
| Hypertension | 346 (41) | 380 (61) | <.001 |
| Personal history of cancer | |||
| No | 694 (83) | 560 (91) | <.001 |
| Yes | 144 (17) | 59 (10) | |
| Family history of cancer | |||
| No | 693 (83) | 525 (85) | .31 |
| Yes | 145 (17) | 94 (15) | |
| Educational level | |||
| High school or less | 240 (29) | 282 (46) | <.001 |
| Greater than high school | 598 (71) | 337 (54) | |
| PLCOm2012 risk score, mean (SD) | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.03 (0.07) | .87 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PLCOm2012, 2012 modification of the model from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.
a
Cardiovascular disease: stroke, arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure.