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Reagents and conditions: (a)370 Cu(OAc)2 (2 equiv), AcOH (1.8 equiv), o-DCB, 140 °C, under air, 24 h; (b) DCM, 80 °C, reflux, overnight; (c) (1) toluene, 180 °C, 16 h, (2) p-TsOH, 8 h, 180 °C; (d) 10 mol % of Pd(AcO)2, Cu(AcO)2, O2, TFE, 120 °C, 24 h.
