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Reagents and conditions: (a)539 palladium(II) pivalate (10 mol %), Ag2O (1.2 equiv), CuO (1.2 equiv), pivalic acid, O2 (1 atm), 130 °C, 24 h; (b)540 Ag2O (1 equiv), toluene/cumene/AcOH, air, 60 °C, 2 h; (c) Pd(OAc)2 (10 mol %), Ag2O (1.2 equiv), CuO (1.2 equiv), pivalic acid, air, 130 °C, 3 days; (d)541 palladium(II) trifluoroacetate (30 mol %), AgOAc (6.0 equiv), pivalic acid, 160 °C, 48 h.
