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Reagents and conditions: (a)90 DDQ, CHCl3, rt, 7 h; (b) DDQ, Sc(OTf)3, CHCl3, reflux, 23 h; (c) (1) DDQ, DCM, rt, 2 h, (2) DDQ, Sc(OTf)3, reflux, 18 h; (d)91 Ni(cod)2, cod, 2,2′-bipyridyl, THF, 60 °C, 24 h; (e) DDQ 3.1 equiv, CHCl3, rt, 24 h, then N2H4·H2O; (f) m-CPBA, CHCl3, rt, 40 min.
