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. 2021 Dec 1;122(1):565–788. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449

Scheme 60. O-, S-, and Se-Annulation of Perylene Diimides.

Scheme 60

Reagents and conditions: (a)104,105 NMP, O2, 180 °C, 5 h, 30%; (b)106 sulfur powder, NMP, 130 °C, 12 h, 32%; (c)107 sulfur powder, NMP, 70 °C then 60.1b, 190 °C, 3 h, 52%; (d) selenium powder, NMP, 70 °C then 60.1b, 190 °C, 3 h, 48%.