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. 2022 Jan 13;14:9. doi: 10.1186/s13195-021-00955-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Plasma LCN2 in AD and MCI cases of cohorts 1 and 2. A Plasma LCN2 concentrations in HC, MCI-AD, and AD of cohort 1. B Plasma LCN2 concentrations in HC, amnestic MCI, and AD of cohort 2. C Areas under the curve (AUC) from receiver operating characteristic with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and p-values from assessment of diagnostic accuracy in cohort 1 and 2. D Plasma LCN2 concentrations in HC, MCI-VCI, and VaD of cohort 1. Comparison of biomarker concentrations of diagnostic groups was performed with linear regression models; age and sex were included as covariates. Multiple comparisons were performed with Tukey contrasts. P-values are indicated above dot columns when significant. Bars (A, B, D) indicate mean and standard error of mean. HC, healthy controls; MCI (AD), mild cognitive impairment with positive biomarkers for AD-related pathology; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; MCI (amnestic), mild cognitive impairment with disturbance of memory function; MCI-VCI, mild vascular cognitive impairment; VaD, vascular dementia or major vascular cognitive impairment