4. Prefabricated foot orthoses versus control on function and pain outcomes at 12 months.
| Outcome Measure | No of participants | Prefabricated orthoses | Controls | P value | Effect size |
| Physical cost (mean (SD)) ‐ Whitford 2007 (VO² max) ‐ Asgaonkar 2012 (HR) |
Whitford 2007 = 160 Asgaonkar 2012 = 60 |
45.10 (4.88) 0.20 (0.06) |
44.95 (3.81) 0.26 (0.12) |
P = 0.899 P = 0.0264 |
MD 0.15, 95% CI ‐1.51 to 1.81 MD ‐0.06, 95% CI ‐0.11 to ‐0.01 |
| Pain (mean (SD)) ‐ Asgaonkar 2012 (VAS, mean (SD)) |
60 | 0.64 (1.09) | 4.33 (2.58) | P < 0.0001 | MD ‐3.69, 95% CI ‐4.60 to ‐2.78 |
| Pain (numbers (%)) ‐ Whitford 2007 (% without pain) |
160 | 36/54 (67%) | 41/52 (79%) | P = 0.56 | RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.07 |
Asgaonkar 2012 reported improvement in both pain and physical cost of children treated with prefabricated orthoses at 12 months versus the control group
Whitford 2007 found no difference between groups
CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; RR: risk ratio