5. Shoes versus control on x‐ray outcomes at 3 years.

Outcome Measure	No of participants	Corrective shoes	Controls	P value	Effect size
Talo‐horizontal x‐ray change (mean (SD)) ‐ Wenger 1989 ‐ Kanatli 2016	98 45	6.47 (0.59) 0.17	5.48 (0.71) 0.13	P > 0.4 P = 0.19	‐0.16 (‐0.44 ‐ 0.16)
Talo‐1st metatarsal x‐ray change (mean (SD)) ‐ Wenger 1989 ‐ Kanatli 2016	98 45	6.80 (0.7) 0.45	5.78 (0.83) 0.46	P > 0.5 P = 0.72	‐0.50 (‐1 ‐ (‐0.02))
Talocalcaneal (AP) x‐ray change (mean (SD)) ‐ Wenger 1989 ‐ Kanatli 2016	98 45	7.36 (0.78) 0.13	4.50 (0.91) 0.23	P > 0.5 P = 0.09	‐0.12 (‐0.05 ‐ 0.20)

Wenger showed positive correlation between all radiographic parameters between initial and changed angles over three years (P < 0.001).

Both studies showed that the measured change in x‐ray angles was the same between treatment (shoes) and control groups after three years.