Comparison 10. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) versus sham NMES.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
10.1 Navicular height (mm)	1	132	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐3.66 [‐4.03, ‐3.28]
10.1.1 right foot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐3.28 [‐3.88, ‐2.68]
10.1.2 left foot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐3.91 [‐4.40, ‐3.42]
10.2 Staheli’s arch index (mm)	1	132	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.29 [‐0.33, ‐0.25]
10.2.1 right foot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.30 [‐0.35, ‐0.25]
10.2.2 left foot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.28 [‐0.34, ‐0.22]
10.3 Calcaneal inclination angle (degrees)	1	132	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.64 [‐3.99, ‐1.29]
10.3.1 right foot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.87 [‐5.06, ‐0.68]
10.3.2 left foot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.50 [‐4.22, ‐0.78]
10.4 Talus second metatarsal angle (degrees)	1	132	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.53 [‐3.04, ‐2.02]
10.4.1 right foot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.45 [‐3.25, ‐1.65]
10.4.2 left foot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.58 [‐3.24, ‐1.92]
10.5 Talo‐navicular coverage angle	1	132	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.32 [‐1.87, ‐0.77]
10.5.1 right foot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.91 [‐2.82, ‐1.00]
10.5.2 left foot	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.98 [‐1.67, ‐0.29]