Fig. 5. Interferon (IFN)-γ levels increase in milk after women are vaccinated. A. IFN-γ levels were assessed in milk obtained from women (n=26) at three timepoints: before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, after the first dose, and after the second dose. B. IFN-γ levels assessed in milk at the three timepoints after stratifying women by whether they reported no side effects or side effects after either the first or second dose. Horizontal lines in each box indicate median concentration (pg/mL).

Narayanaswamy. COVID-19 mRNA Immunization in Lactating Women. Obstet Gynecol 2022.