Table 2.

Potential Targets that typically induce M2 microglial polarization, and potential inhibitors used in certain studies.

Target	Name	Role in Neuroinflammation	Activators
cAMP	Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate	With IL-4, can induce M2-phenotype switch.	Gp91ds-tat
PPARγ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor	Transcription factor that potentially induces M2-phenotype	Rosiglitazone
TrkB/BDNF Pathway	BDNF - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Signaling pathway that shifts induced microglia to M2-phenotype	Minocycline
β2-receptors	Beta-2 Adrenergic receptors	Increases expression of M2-activation markers (arginase-1, CXCL4, IL-10).	Salmeterol
α2-receptors	Alpha-2 Adrenergic receptors	Suppresses pro-inflammatory ERK pathway.	Dexmedetomidine