Table 3. Comparison between surviving and nonsurviving patients.
| Survivors (N = 103) | No survivors (N = 272) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years | 62.5 (54.0–74.3) | 64.9 (55.4–74.2) | 0.38 |
| Male sex, % (n) | 68.9 (71) | 68.8 (187) | 1.00 |
| White ethnicity, % (n) | 56.3 (40) | 65.8 (106) | 0.16 |
| Smoking, % (n) | 18.4 (19) | 18.1 (49) | 0.95 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension, % (n) | 69.9 (72) | 67.3 (183) | 0.63 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % (n) | 49.5 (51) | 43.8 (119) | 0.32 |
| Obesity, % (n) | 31.0 (26) | 43.3 (90) | 0.05 |
| Heart failure, % (n) | 8.7 (9) | 11.0 (30) | 0.52 |
| Coronary insufficiency, % (n) | 13.6 (14) | 16.5 (45) | 0.48 |
| CKD, % (n) | 15.5 (16) | 19.9 (54) | 0.33 |
| COPD, % (n) | 6.8 (7) | 9.2 (25) | 0.46 |
| Chronic liver disease, % (n) | 2.9 (3) | 1.8 (5) | 0.54 |
| Neoplasia, % (n) | 4.9 (5) | 3.0 (8) | 0.38 |
| Participating institution, public hospital, % (n) | 59.2 (61) | 61.0 (166) | 0.75 |
| Mean arterial pressure at hospital admission (mmHg) | 94 ± 19 | 90 ± 18 | 0.07 |
| Oxygen saturation at hospital admission (%) | 91 (88–95) | 92 (88–95) | 0.86 |
| Time to symptom onset (days) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–8) | 0.28 |
| Hospital admission exams | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) (N.R. 12.0–16.0) | 13.3 (11.9–14.3) | 13.2 (11.8–14.5) | 0.51 |
| Total leukocytes (n/mm3) (N.R. 4,000–8,000) | 8.425 (5.658–11.600) | 8020 (5475–11040) | 0.26 |
| Total lymphocytes (n/mm3) (N.R. 1,000–3,900) | 909 (699–1348) | 995 (697–1516) | 0.37 |
| Platelets (103/mm3) (N.R. 150,000–400,000) | 186 (143.5–260.1) | 177 (141–225) | 0.09 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) (N.R. 0.6–1.3)) | 1.20 (0.94–1.75) | 1.14 (0.89–1.80) | 0.21 |
| D-dimer (ng/ml) (N.R. < 0.5) | 1.30 (0.64–8.94) | 1.83 (0.78–9.2) | 0.25 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) (N.R. < 0.1) | 16.8 (10–5–28.2) | 14.9 (7.0–22.9) | 0.07 |
| SAPS 3 | 52 (44–61) | 54 (47–67) | 0.13 |
| Severe involvement on tomography, % (n) | 40.8 (42) | 39.3 (107) | 0.46 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 80.6 (83) | 91.5 (249) | 0.003 |
| Organ dysfunctions | |||
| Circulatory, % (n) | 73.8 (76) | 89.7 (244) | < 0.001 |
| Pulmonary, % (n) | 69.9 (72) | 82.0 (223) | 0.011 |
| Coagulopathy, % (n) | 23.3 (24) | 33.3 (90) | 0.06 |
| Liver, % (n) | 6.3 (6) | 19.1 (44) | 0.004 |
| Medications | |||
| Vasoactive drug, % (n) | 73.8 (76) | 89.7 (244) | < 0.001 |
| Vasopressin, % (n) | 14.6 (13) | 52.1 (124) | < 0.001 |
| Noradrenaline, % (n) | 72.8 (75) | 88.6 (241) | < 0.001 |
| Dobutamine, % (n) | 7.9 (6) | 18.7 (38) | 0.03 |
| Azithromycin + hydroxychloroquine, % (n) | 41.7 (43) | 36.8 (99) | 0.47 |
| Corticosteroids, % (n) | 46.6 (48) | 65.7 (178) | 0.001 |
| Continuous heparin infusion, % (n) | 24.5 (25) | 24.0 (64) | 0.91 |
| Laboratory exams at first RRT indication | |||
| Creatinine (mg/dl) (N.R. 0.6–1.3) | 4.00 (2.90–5.52) | 4.10 (2.90–5.60) | 0.78 |
| Urea (mg/dl) (N.R. 16–40) | 140.0 (86.5–212.5) | 157.5 (100.2–211.0) | 0.18 |
| Potassium (mEq/l) (N.R. 3.5–5.1) | 4.5 (3.9–5.2) | 4.9 (4.3–5.6) | 0.003 |
| Bicarbonate (mEq/l) (N.R. 22–27) | 23.0 (18.9–26.0) | 22.0 (19.0–25.3) | 0.31 |
| Laboratory values during the RRT period | |||
| Creatinine (mg/dl) (N.R. 0.6–1.3) | 3.20 (1.80–4.82) | 3.72 (2.30–5.25) | 0.04 |
| Urea (mg/dl) (N.R. 16–40) | 108.4 (79.5–159.2) | 131.5 (91.0–180.4) | 0.03 |
| Potassium (mEq/l) (N.R. 3.5–5.1) | 4.3 (3.8–4.9) | 4.8 (4.2–5.5) | < 0.001 |
| Bicarbonate (mEq/l) (N.R. 22–27) | 23.8 (20.6–27.4) | 22.5 (19.1–25.6) | 0.006 |
| RRT method | |||
| Intermittent, % (n) | 53.4 (55) | 57.7 (157) | 0.45 |
| SLED, % (n) | 9.7 (10) | 7.7 (21) | 0.53 |
| Continuous, % (n) | 18.4 (19) | 18.8 (51) | 0.94 |
| Combination of methods, % (n) | 18.4 (19) | 15.8 943) | 0.54 |
| Time on RRT (days) | 15 (7–24) | 4 (2–11) | < 0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 36 (22–47) | 15 (9–23) | < 0.001 |
Data are presented as the mean ± SD, the median and interquartile range (p25-p75), or a percentage. SLED, sustained low-efficiency dialysis, N.R., normal range.