Figure 1.

Coenzyme Q₀ (CoQ₀) suppresses NO production in LPS- or LPS/ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. (a) Structure of Coenzyme Q₀ (CoQ₀, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone). (b) MTT assay carried out by treating RAW264.7 cells with CoQ₀ (2.5-20 μM) for 24 h. (c, d) Production of NO was estimated by measuring the nitrite formation and stable end-metabolic of NO in the culture medium. Prior to NO estimation, cells were treated with different doses of CoQ₀ ranging from 2.5 to 12.5 μM for 1 h, and then, LPS (1 μg/mL) was stimulated for 18 h or LPS (1 μg/mL) for 17 h followed by 5 mM ATP treatment for 1 h. The results were calculated as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ^∗∗p < 0.01;  ^∗∗∗p < 0.001, compared with untreated control cells, and ^##p < 0.01; ^###p < 0.001 compared with LPS or LPS/ATP-stimulated cells assigned as statistically significant.