Table 2.
Comparisons of demographic and laboratory data in patients with different leucine concentrations in the initiation cohort.
| Leucine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 109-174 μM | <109 μM | >174 μM | p value# | |
| n = 143 | n = 150 | n = 55 | ||
| Age (years) | 69.1 ± 13.9 | 74.0 ± 12.9 | 70.0 ± 11.5 | 0.552 |
| Male (%) | 96 (67.1) | 81 (54) | 42 (76.3) | 0.015 |
| APACHE II score | 19.6 ± 4.17 | 20.7 ± 4.71∗ | 20.4 ± 5.89 | 0.041 |
| SOFA score | 6.55 ± 3.24 | 7.55 ± 3.25∗∗ | 7.11 ± 3.46 | 0.034 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 5.22 | 23.6 ± 5.54 | 24.8 ± 4.09 | 0.197 |
| Admission to ICU | 29 (20.2) | 27 (18) | 6 (10.9) | 0.909 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 69 (48.2) | 71 (47.3) | 36 (65.4) | 0.165 |
| Hypertension (%) | 98 (82.1) | 100 (66.6) | 36 (65.4) | 0.900 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 69 (48.2) | 59 (39.3) | 29 (52.7) | 0.432 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 21 (14.6) | 28 (18.6) | 10 (18.1) | 0.640 |
| COPD (%) | 14 (9.79) | 12 (8.0) | 1 (1.8) | 0.510 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 37 (25.8) | 31 (20.6) | 14 (25.4) | 0.540 |
| Ventilator use (%) | 96 (67.1) | 109 (72.6) | 34 (61.8) | 0.873 |
| Inotropic agent use (%) | 37 (25.8) | 64 (42.6)∗∗ | 19 (34.5) | 0.012 |
| Days in ICU (day) | 10.8 ± 9.24 | 13.7 ± 9.24∗ | 11.5 ± 9.16 | 0.032 |
| Days in hospital (day) | 25.2 ± 520.9 | 32.3 ± 23.3∗ | 25.0 ± 24.6 | 0.007 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| White blood cell (1000/ul) | 12.7 ± 5.47 | 14.1 ± 10.0 | 14.6 ± 8.32 | 0.221 |
| Hemoglobin(g/dL) | 11.7 ± 4.74 | 10.3 ± 2.69∗ | 11.4 ± 2.98 | 0.004 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 41.4 (8.73, 103) | 45.2 (12.4, 105) | 58.3 (14.6, 104) | 0.760 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 142 ± 65.7 | 123 ± 46.1∗ | 142 ± 53.6† | 0.010 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 119 (88, 156) | 99 (77, 135)∗ | 126 (98, 180)† | 0.003 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 44.5 ± 40.0 | 45.7 ± 43.1 | 43.2 ± 40.1 | 0.922 |
| ALT (U/L) | 27 (16, 49) | 27 (16, 63.5) | 43 (21, 134)∗∗,† | 0.005 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 3.40 ± 0.52 | 3.03 ± 0.58∗ | 3.38 ± 0.57† | <0.001 |
| Prealbumin (mg/dL) | 16.1 ± 6.66 | 14.4 ± 7.26 | 15.4 ± 7.23 | 0.087 |
| Transferrin (mg/dL) | 167 ± 50.4 | 146 ± 45.3∗ | 152 ± 46.3† | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD for variables with normal distribution, as the median (interquartile range) for variables with skewed distribution, and as the number (percentage) for categorical variables. #, comparisons by One-way ANOVA and Chi-square (multiple comparison with Bonferroni adjusted p value). ICU: intensive care unit; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, compared to “Leucine 109-174 μM”; †p < 0.05, compared to “Leucine <109 μM”.