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. 2021 Apr 15;26(11):6666–6679. doi: 10.1038/s41380-021-01088-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — A Rats were conditioned on days 1–2 in context-A, followed by extinction training on days 3–6 in context-B. B PBM exhibited no treatment effect on fear extinction when PBM was applied immediately after extinction training (n = 10 each). C Extinction was facilitated when PBM was administered immediately after conditioning on days 1 and 2 (Res & PBM, n = 9 each). D This facilitation effect disappeared when PBM was postponed to 6 h after the last tone (n = 10 each). E PBM decreased tone conditioning ratio when PBM was applied immediately after extinction training (F_{1, 18} = 4.962, P = 0.029). **P < 0.01, two way ANOVA, PBM vs. Res. Data are mean ± S.E.M.