Table 4.

State-specific wind policies in India

States	Policy	Salient features	Observations
Gujarat	Wind policy 2016 (GOG 2016; GERC 2021b) Operative period: 5 years	RPO: 8.25% Tariff Rate: INR 2.80/kWh (MERCOM 2020a) Third-party sale of power: Allowed Wheeling Charges: On payment of transmission charges in the normal course, 50% concession for captive projects wheeling power to a consumption site below 66 kV voltage level Captive Use: Allowed	The state’s wind Policy focuses on grid stability, RPO enforcement, incentives for 25 years, and exemption from electricity duty-self consumption/sale to third parties. The current policy has expired on 30th June 2021; govt. should bring a revamped policy with a greater focus on offshore
Maharashtra	Unconventional energy generation policy (UEGP),2020 (GOM 2020)	RPO: 11.50% (MEDA 2021) Tariff Rate: INR 2..52/kWh (MERCOM 2020b) Third-party sale of power: Allowed Wheeling Charges: No concession (Prayas 2021) Captive Use: Allowed	No dedicated wind policy. The UEGP-2020 gives priority to hybrid and offshore projects, Re-energization of existing projects
Karnataka	Renewable energy policy (REP) 2014–2020 (KREDL 2014) Operative period: 6 years Draft renewable energy policy 2021–2026 introduced (KREDL 2021)	RPO: 20% Tariff Rate: INR 2.9/unit (KERC 2021) Third-party sale of power: Allowed Wheeling Charges: 25% (if setup between 10.10.2013–03.09.2017) Normal charges for captive projects 25% for RE projects (setup after 01.04.2018) Captive Use: Allowed	The state has no specific wind policy, but the REP (2014–2020) contains reforming steps including Land Reforms (Land Bank), the dedicated fund (Akshaya Shakti Nidhi), repowering of old wind projects, fixed time-based implementation-quarterly progress report, green energy cess (INR 0.05/unit)- 90% of this to be used for RE project financing, all RE projects are proposed to be treated as manufacturing unit
Kerala	Kerala power policy 2019 (GOK 2019) Renewable energy and net metering regulations, 2020 (KSERC 2020)	RPO: 10.25% Tariff Rate: INR 2.83/kWh (MERCOM 2020c) Third-party sale of power: Allowed Wheeling: 0.55/unit Captive Use: Allowed	No dedicated policy has been prepared for RE/Wind in the state after RE policy, 2008. Now RE is covered under Power Policy 2019. It includes subsidy schemes for decentralized plants, encouragement to private investment, project-specific tariff, Time-bound framework, focuses on improving forecasting & scheduling
Tamil Nadu	Controlled by TEDA	RPO: 10.50% (GOTN 2020) Tariff Rate: INR 2.83/kWh (TNERC 2018) Third-Party sale: Allowed Wheeling Charges: 50% concession except for plants availing Renewable Energy Certificates (Prayas 2021) Captive Use: Allowed (Prayas 2020)	The state has a serious issue of aging wind farms, however, there is no significant growth in repowering of wind farms even after the introduction of the Policy for Repowering of the Wind Power Projects framework by MNRE in 2016’. Further, the state guidelines 2018 on repowering did not bring the desired result. A coordinated effort between center and state may push repowering activities
Andhra Pradesh	Andhra Pradesh wind power policy 2018 (GOAP 2019a) Operative period: 5 years Andhra Pradesh wind-solar hybrid power policy 2018 (GOAP 2019b)	RPO: 10% (MNRE 2021) Tariff Rate: INR 2.43/kWh (APERC 2021) Third-party sale of power: Allowed Wheeling Charges: No Concession, will be decided by APERC (MERCOM 2019) Captive Use: Allowed	The focus is on attracting private funding for the establishment of new wind facilities and the repowering of existing wind sites. Other benefits include wind turbine industry promotion, 10-year incentives, and a banking clause (100% of energy is permitted during all 12 months of the year) In addition to wind power policy, the state has a separate hybrid policy in place to procure a contracted power of 5GW. The benefits given to wind and solar projects apply to hybrid projects as well, and transmission and distribution costs are waived up to 50% for electricity produced from new Wind – Solar Hybrid Power Projects
Madhya Pradesh	Wind power project policy, 2012 (GOMP 2013; MPERC 2019);	RPO: 9% Tariff Rate: INR 2.83/kWh (MPERC 2021) Third-party sale of power: Allowed Wheeling Charges: No Charges for Captive projects. Regular charges for all other types of wind projects (MERCOM 2020d) Captive Use: Allowed	The Policy has not been updated since 2012. In the policy, there are certain clauses like performance guarantee deposit, freehand to developers to construct dedicated transmission/distribution lines from the point of generation to consumption point. Payment of wheeling and transmission charges is compulsory in case the producer sells power to 3rd parties
Telangana	Telangana wind power policy 2016 (TNREDCL 2016)	RPO: 10.50% Tariff Rate: INR 4.70/kWh (TSERC 2018, 2021) Wheeling Charges: Exempted (For captive projects) Third-party sale of power: Allowed Captive Use: Allowed	The policy intends to contribute to the state's long-term energy security by encouraging a sustainable generation that combines renewable and thermal power generation. It aimed at encouraging both governmental and private investment for wind energy development. It also includes some important features like single-window approval, automatic conversion of agricultural land to nonagricultural land on project approval. Transmission and electricity duty charges are exempted and as an incentive, stamp duty charges are refunded for all land purchased for setting up wind projects
Rajasthan	Rajasthan wind and hybrid energy policy, 2019 (GOR 2019) Operative period: Until Superseded by Another Policy	RPO: 8.90% (MNRE 2021) Tariff Rate: INR 2.67/kWh (RERC 2020) Third-party sale of power: Allowed Wheeling: 50% of transmission & wheeling charges for projects setup for captive use and 3rd party sale (For 7 years from the date of commencement) 100% exemption if setup for providing power to Electric vehicle station (For 10 years) Captive Use: Allowed	The policy targeted 3.5GW by 2024–25 but has an installed capacity of 4.3 GW by end of February 2021. The policy specifically focuses on repowering of old wind plants, strengthening transmission lines, and promoting the wind manufacturing industry. The policy promotes the development of small wind-solar hybrid plants in remote/rural areas

^* Authors have compiled the data from state-specific wind policies and other sources based on government notifications, news reports